I-inverter yaseChina ikhuphuke kakhulu emakethe yamazwe ngamazwe

Njengenye yezingxenye eziyinhloko zesistimu ye-photovoltaic, i-inverter ye-photovoltaic ayinayo kuphela umsebenzi wokuguqula i-DC / AC, kodwa futhi inomsebenzi wokwandisa ukusebenza kweseli yelanga kanye nomsebenzi wokuvikela iphutha lesistimu, okuthinta ngokuqondile ukukhiqizwa kwamandla. ukusebenza kahle kwesistimu ye-solar photovoltaic.

Ngo-2003, i-Sungrow Power, eholwa u-Cao Renxian, inhloko yekolishi, yethula isiguquli se-photovoltaic sokuqala sase-China esinegridi engu-10kW esinamalungelo azimele empahla yobuhlakani.Kodwa kuze kube ngu-2009, ayembalwa kakhulu amabhizinisi e-inverter ekukhiqizeni e-China, futhi inani elikhulu lemishini lincike ekuthengeni kwamanye amazwe.Inani elikhulu lemikhiqizo yaphesheya njenge-Emerson, SMA, Siemens, Schneider kanye ne-ABB yayihlonishwa kakhulu.

Kule minyaka eyishumi edlule, imboni ye-inverter yaseChina ifinyelele ukuphakama.Ngo-2010, ama-inverters angu-10 aphezulu we-photovoltaic emhlabeni ayelawulwa yimikhiqizo yaseYurophu naseMelika.Kodwa-ke, ngo-2021, ngokusho kwedatha yezinga lesabelo semakethe ye-inverter, amabhizinisi ase-Chinese inverter asebekwe phakathi kwabaphezulu emhlabeni.

NgoJuni 2022, i-IHS Markit, isikhungo socwaningo esigunyaziwe emhlabeni wonke, yashicilela uhlu lwemakethe ye-PV inverter yomhlaba ka-2021.Kulolu hlu, ukulinganiswa kwamabhizinisi ase-Chinese PV inverter kunezinguquko eziningi.

Kusukela ngo-2015, i-Sungrow Power ne-Huawei kube ngababili abahamba phambili ekuthunyelweni kwe-PV inverter emhlabeni jikelele.Ndawonye, ​​babalela ngaphezu kwama-40% emakethe ye-inverter yomhlaba.I-SMA yebhizinisi laseJalimane, ethathwe njengebhentshimakhi yamabhizinisi ase-China e-PV inverter emlandweni, yehle futhi ekulethweni kwemakethe ye-inverter yomhlaba ngo-2021, isuka kweyesithathu kuye kweyesihlanu.Futhi i-Jinlang Technology, inkampani yesikhombisa yamaShayina e-photovoltaic inverter ngo-2020, yadlula inkampani endala ye-inverter futhi yakhushulelwa "inkanyezi ekhulayo" emithathu ephezulu emhlabeni.

Amabhizinisi e-photovoltaic inverter aseShayina agcine engabathathu abaphambili emhlabeni, akha isizukulwane esisha sephethini “ye-tripod”.Ngaphezu kwalokho, abakhiqizi be-inverter abamelelwe i-Jinlang, i-Guriwat ne-Goodway baye basheshisa isivinini sabo sokuya olwandle futhi basetshenziswa kabanzi eYurophu, e-United States, eLatin America nakwezinye izimakethe;Abakhiqizi baphesheya kwezilwandle njenge-SMA, PE ne-SolerEdge basabambelele ezimakethe zesifunda ezifana ne-Europe, i-United States neBrazil, kodwa isabelo semakethe sehle kakhulu.

Ukukhuphuka okusheshayo

Ngaphambi kuka-2012, ngenxa yokuqubuka kwemakethe ye-photovoltaic eYurophu nase-United States nakwamanye amazwe kanye nokwanda okuqhubekayo komthamo ofakiwe, imakethe ye-photovoltaic inverter ibilokhu ilawulwa amabhizinisi aseYurophu.Ngaleso sikhathi, i-German inverter Enterprise SMA yabalelwa ku-22% wesabelo semakethe ye-inverter yomhlaba wonke.Ngalesi sikhathi, amabhizinisi aseShayina asungulwe ekuqaleni kwe-photovoltaic asebenzisa leli thuba futhi aqala ukuvela esiteji samazwe ngamazwe.Ngemuva kuka-2011, imakethe ye-photovoltaic eYurophu yaqala ukushintsha, futhi izimakethe zase-Australia naseNyakatho Melika zaqhuma.Amabhizinisi okushintshashintsha asekhaya nawo alandele ngokushesha.Kubikwa ukuthi ngo-2012, amabhizinisi aseShayina asebenzisa i-inverter athatha ngaphezu kuka-50% wesabelo semakethe e-Australia ngenzuzo yokusebenza kwezindleko eziphezulu.

Kusukela ngo-2013, uhulumeni waseShayina ukhiphe inqubomgomo yentengo kagesi elinganiselwe, futhi amaphrojekthi asekhaya asungulwe ngokulandelana.Imakethe ye-photovoltaic yaseChina ingene endleleni esheshayo yentuthuko, futhi kancane kancane yashintsha iYurophu njengemakethe enkulu kunazo zonke yokufakwa kwe-photovoltaic emhlabeni.Kulo mongo, ukuhlinzekwa kwama-inverters aphakathi nendawo kuyashoda, futhi isabelo semakethe sasisondele ku-90%.Okwamanje, uHuawei unqume ukungena emakethe nge-inverter yochungechunge, engathathwa ngokuthi "i-inversion kabili" yemakethe yoLwandle Olubomvu kanye nemikhiqizo evamile.

Ukungena kukaHuawei emkhakheni we-photovoltaic inverters, ngakolunye uhlangothi, kugxile ekuthuthukisweni okubanzi kwemboni ye-photovoltaic.Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ukukhiqizwa kwe-inverter kunokufana nebhizinisi lezinto zokuxhumana ze-Huawei "ebhange elidala" kanye nebhizinisi lokuphatha amandla.Ingakwazi ukukopisha ngokushesha izinzuzo zobuchwepheshe bokufuduka kanye ne-supply chain, ukungenisa abahlinzeki abakhona, ukunciphisa kakhulu izindleko zocwaningo lwe-inverter nokuthuthukiswa nokuthenga, futhi ngokushesha yakha izinzuzo.

Ngo-2015, uHuawei wakleliswa kuqala emakethe ye-PV inverter yomhlaba wonke, kanti i-Sungrow Power nayo yedlula i-SMA okokuqala ngqa.Kuze kube manje, i-photovoltaic inverter yaseChina ekugcineni iphumelele izikhundla ezimbili eziphezulu emhlabeni futhi yaqeda umdlalo "we-inverter".

Kusukela ngo-2015 kuya ku-2018, abakhiqizi basekhaya be-PV inverter baqhubeka nokukhuphuka, futhi ngokushesha bathatha imakethe ngezinzuzo zamanani.Isabelo semakethe sabakhiqizi be-inverter baphesheya kwezilwandle siqhubekile nokuba nomthelela.Emkhakheni wamandla amancane, i-SolarEdge, i-Enphase kanye nabanye abakhiqizi be-inverter abasezingeni eliphezulu basengakwazi ukuthatha isabelo esithile semakethe ngenxa yezinzuzo zabo zomkhiqizo nesiteshi, kuyilapho emakethe yeziteshi ezinkulu zamandla e-photovoltaic ezinokuncintisana kwamanani aqinile, isabelo semakethe. yabakhiqizi bakudala be-inverter baseYurophu nabaseJapan njenge-SMA, ABB, Schneider, TMEIC, Omron njalonjalo iyehla.

Ngemuva kuka-2018, abanye abakhiqizi be-inverter baphesheya baqala ukuhoxa ebhizinisini le-PV inverter.Kuma-giants amakhulu kagesi, ama-photovoltaic inverters abangela ingxenye encane ebhizinisini lawo.I-ABB, iSchneider nabanye abakhiqizi be-inverter nabo bahoxile ngokulandelana ebhizinisini le-inverter.

Abakhiqizi be-inverter baseShayina baqala ukusheshisa ukuhlelwa kwezimakethe zaphesheya.Ngomhla zingama-27 kuJulayi, 2018, i-Sungrow Power yaqala ukusebenzisa isizinda sokukhiqiza inverter esinomthamo ongafika ku-3GW e-India.Khona-ke, ngo-August 27, yamisa isikhungo senkonzo esiphelele sendawo e-United States ukuze siqinise i-inventory yaphesheya kwezilwandle kanye namakhono esevisi ngemva kokuthengisa.Ngesikhathi esifanayo, i-Huawei, i-Shangneng, i-Guriwat, i-Jinlang, i-Goodway kanye nabanye abakhiqizi baye baqhubeka bekhuphuka ukuze bahlanganise futhi banwebe isakhiwo sabo saphesheya kwezilwandle.Ngaso leso sikhathi, imikhiqizo efana neSanjing Electric, Shouhang New Energy kanye neMosuo Power yaqala ukufuna amathuba amasha phesheya kwezilwandle.

Ngokubuka iphethini yemakethe yaphesheya, amabhizinisi emikhiqizo namakhasimende emakethe yamanje ngokuyisisekelo afinyelele ibhalansi ethile ekuhlinzekweni nasekufuneni, futhi iphethini yemakethe yamazwe ngamazwe nayo isiqinile.Nokho, ezinye izimakethe ezisafufusa zisasendleleni yokuthuthukiswa okusebenzayo futhi zingafuna impumelelo ethile.Ukuthuthukiswa okuqhubekayo kwezimakethe ezisafufusa zaphesheya kuzoletha umfutho omusha emabhizinisini e-Chinese inverter.

Kusukela ngo-2016, abakhiqizi be-inverter baseShayina bathathe isikhundla esiphambili emakethe ye-photovoltaic inverter yomhlaba.Izici ezimbaxambili zokuqanjwa kabusha kwezobuchwepheshe kanye nesicelo esikhulu zenze ukwehla okusheshayo kwezindleko zazo zonke izixhumanisi zochungechunge lwemboni ye-PV, futhi izindleko zohlelo lwe-PV zehle ngaphezu kwama-90% eminyakeni eyi-10.Njengezisetshenziswa eziyinhloko zohlelo lwe-PV, izindleko ze-PV inverter ngewathi ziye zehla kancane kancane eminyakeni eyi-10 edlule, zisuka ngaphezu kweyuan eyi-1/W ekuqaleni zaya cishe ku-0.1~0.2 yuan/W ngo-2021, futhi zafinyelela cishe ku-1. /10 kuleyo minyaka eyi-10 edlule.

Sheshisa ukuhlukaniswa

Esigabeni sokuqala sokuthuthukiswa kwe-photovoltaic, abakhiqizi be-inverter bagxile ekwehliseni izindleko zemishini, ukuthuthukiswa kokulandelela amandla okuphezulu, nokuguqulwa kwamandla okusebenza kahle kakhulu.Ngokuthuthuka okuqhubekayo kobuchwepheshe kanye nokuthuthukiswa kwesicelo sohlelo, i-inverter ihlanganise imisebenzi eminingi, njengokuvikela nokulungisa ingxenye ye-PID, ukuhlanganiswa nokusekelwa kokulandela umkhondo, uhlelo lokuhlanza kanye nezinye izinto ezisetshenziswayo, ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukusebenza kwesiteshi sonke samandla e-photovoltaic. kanye nokuqinisekisa ukukhuliswa kwemali engenayo yokuphehla ugesi.

Kule minyaka eyishumi edlule, izimo zokusetshenziswa kwama-inverter bezilokhu zanda, futhi zidinga ukubhekana nezimo ezihlukahlukene zezindawo eziyinkimbinkimbi nesimo sezulu esibi kakhulu, njengezinga lokushisa eliphezulu lasogwadule, umswakama ophezulu ogwini lolwandle kanye nenkungu kasawoti ephezulu.Ngakolunye uhlangothi, i-inverter idinga ukuhlangabezana nezidingo zayo zokushisa ukushisa, ngakolunye uhlangothi, idinga ukuthuthukisa izinga layo lokuvikela ukuze ibhekane nemvelo enzima, ngokungangabazeki ibeka izidingo eziphakeme zokuklama isakhiwo se-inverter kanye nobuchwepheshe bezinto ezibonakalayo.

Ngaphansi kwesizinda sezidingo eziphezulu zekhwalithi yokukhiqiza amandla nokusebenza kahle okuvela konjiniyela, imboni ye-photovoltaic inverter ithuthukela ekuthembekeni okuphezulu, ukusebenza kahle kokuguqulwa kanye nezindleko eziphansi.

Ukuncintisana kwezimakethe ezinamandla kulethe ukuthuthukiswa okuqhubekayo kobuchwepheshe.Ngo-2010 noma ngaphezulu, i-topology yesekethe eyinhloko ye-PV inverter yayiyisekethe enamazinga amabili, nokusebenza kahle kokuguqulwa okungaba ngu-97%.Namuhla, ukusebenza kahle okuphezulu kwama-inverters abakhiqizi abajwayelekile emhlabeni jikelele sekudlule ama-99%, kanti okuhlosiwe okulandelayo ngu-99.5%.Engxenyeni yesibili ka-2020, amamojula e-photovoltaic ethule amamojula anamandla amakhulu asuselwa kusayizi we-silicon chip ongu-182mm no-210mm.Esikhathini esingaphansi kwesigamu sonyaka, amabhizinisi amaningana afana neHuawei, i-Sungrow Power, i-TBEA, i-Kehua Digital Energy, i-Hewang, i-Guriwat, ne-Jinlang Technology ilandele ngokushesha futhi ilandelana yethula ama-inverter ochungechunge lwamandla aphezulu afana nawo.

Ngokusho kwedatha ye-China Photovoltaic Industry Association, okwamanje, imakethe ye-PV inverter yasekhaya isabuswa yi-string inverter kanye ne-centralized inverter, kuyilapho amanye ama-inverter amancane nasatshalaliswa e-akhawunti yengxenye encane.Ngokukhula okusheshayo kwemakethe esabalalisiwe ye-photovoltaic kanye nokwanda kwenani lama-inverters ezintambo eziteshini zamandla ze-photovoltaic ezimaphakathi, ingxenye isiyonke yama-inverters ezintambo inyuke unyaka nonyaka, idlula ama-60% ngo-2020, kuyilapho ingxenye yama-inverters amaphakathi incane. ngaphezu kwama-30%.Ngokuzayo, ngokusetshenziswa okubanzi kwama-inverter ochungechunge eziteshini ezinkulu zamandla angaphansi komhlaba, isabelo sabo semakethe sizokhula ngokwengeziwe.

Ngokombono wesakhiwo semakethe ye-inverter, ukwakheka kwabakhiqizi abahlukahlukene kukhombisa ukuthi ukunikezwa kwamandla kagesi welanga kanye nemikhiqizo ye-SMA kuqediwe, futhi kukhona kokubili amabhizinisi e-inverter aphakathi nendawo kanye nochungechunge lwe-inverter.I-Power Electronics kanye ne-Shangneng Electric ikakhulukazi isebenzisa ama-inverter aphakathi nendawo.I-Huawei, i-SolarEdge, i-Jinlang Technology kanye ne-Goodway zonke zisekelwe kuma-inverter ezintambo, lapho imikhiqizo ye-Huawei ngokuyinhloko i-inverter yezintambo ezinkulu zeziteshi ezinkulu zamandla aphansi kanye nezinhlelo ze-photovoltaic zezimboni nezentengiso, kuyilapho ezintathu zokugcina zingezemakethe yasekhaya.Gcizelela, i-Hemai ne-Yuneng Technology ikakhulukazi isebenzisa ama-inverter amancane.

Emakethe yomhlaba, uchungechunge kanye nama-inverter amaphakathi yizinhlobo eziphambili.E-China, isabelo semakethe se-inverter emaphakathi kanye ne-inverter yochungechunge zizinzile ngaphezu kwama-90%.

Ngokuzayo, ukuthuthukiswa kwama-inverters kuzohlukahluka.Ngakolunye uhlangothi, izinhlobo zezicelo zeziteshi zamandla e-photovoltaic zihlukahlukene, futhi izinhlelo zokusebenza ezahlukahlukene ezinjengogwadule, ulwandle, uphahla olusabalalisiwe, kanye ne-BIPV ziyanda, ngezidingo ezahlukahlukene zama-inverters.Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ukuthuthukiswa okusheshayo kwamandla kagesi, izingxenye kanye nobunye ubuchwepheshe obusha, kanye nokuhlanganiswa ne-AI, idatha enkulu, i-inthanethi nobunye ubuchwepheshe, nakho kuqhuba inqubekelaphambili eqhubekayo yomkhakha we-inverter.I-inverter ithuthukela ekusebenzeni kahle okuphezulu, izinga eliphezulu lamandla, i-voltage ye-DC ephezulu, ihlakaniphe kakhulu, iphephile, ivumelana nezimo zemvelo okuqinile, nokusebenza nokugcinwa okunobungane.

Ukwengeza, ngokusetshenziswa okukhulu kwamandla avuselelekayo emhlabeni, izinga lokungena kwe-PV liyakhula, futhi i-inverter idinga ukuba namandla okusekela amagridi aqinile ukuze ihlangabezane nezidingo zokusebenza okuzinzile kanye nokuphendula okusheshayo kokuthunyelwa kwegridi yamanje ebuthakathaka.Ukuhlanganiswa kwesitoreji se-Optical, isitoreji se-optical kanye nokuhlanganiswa kokushaja, ukukhiqizwa kwe-photovoltaic hydrogen nezinye izinhlelo zokusebenza ezintsha nezihlanganisiwe zizophinde zibe yindlela ebalulekile, futhi i-inverter izongenisa indawo enkulu yokuthuthukiswa.