Zeziphi izinto eziluncedo kwibhetri yokugcina amandla?

Indlela yobugcisa yoshishino lokugcinwa kwamandla e-China - ukugcinwa kwamandla e-electrochemical: Okwangoku, izinto eziqhelekileyo ze-cathode iibhetri ze-lithium ikakhulu ziquka i-lithium cobalt oxide (LCO), i-lithium manganese oxide (LMO), i-lithium iron phosphate (LFP) kunye nezixhobo ze-ternary.I-Lithium cobaltate yimathiriyeli yokuqala yokuthengisa i-cathode ene-voltage ephezulu, ukuxinana kwempompo ephezulu, isakhiwo esizinzileyo kunye nokhuseleko oluhle, kodwa ixabiso eliphezulu kunye nomthamo ophantsi.I-lithium manganeti inexabiso eliphantsi kunye namandla ombane aphezulu, kodwa ukusebenza komjikelo wayo kubi kwaye nomthamo wayo uphantsi.Umthamo kunye neendleko ze-ternary materials ziyahluka ngokuhambelana nomxholo we-nickel, i-cobalt kunye ne-manganese (ngaphezu kwe-NCA).Ubuninzi bamandla obuninzi buphezulu kune-lithium iron phosphate kunye ne-lithium cobaltate.I-lithium iron phosphate inexabiso eliphantsi, ukusebenza kakuhle kwebhayisikile kunye nokhuseleko olululo, kodwa iqonga layo lombane liphantsi kwaye ukuxinana kwayo kusezantsi, okukhokelela kuxinano lwamandla ngokubanzi.Okwangoku, icandelo lamandla lilawulwa yi-ternary kunye ne-lithium iron, ngelixa icandelo lokusetyenziswa lingaphezulu kwe-lithium cobalt.Izinto ze-electrode ezingalunganga zinokwahlulwa zibe yi-carbon materials kunye nezinto ezingezona carbon: izinto zekhabhoni ziquka i-graphite yokwenziwa, i-graphite yendalo, i-mesophase carbon microspheres, i-soft carbon, i-hard carbon, njl.Izinto ezingezona ikhabhoni ziquka i-lithium titanate, izinto ezisekelwe kwi-silicon, izinto ezisekelwe kwi-tin, njl.Nangona igraphite yendalo ineengenelo kwiindleko kunye nomthamo othile, ubomi bayo bomjikelezo buphantsi kwaye ukuhambelana kwayo akubi;Nangona kunjalo, iipropathi zegraphite eyenziweyo zinokulinganisela, kunye nokusebenza okugqwesileyo kokujikeleza kunye nokuhambelana kakuhle ne-electrolyte.Igraphite eyenziweyo isetyenziselwa ubukhulu becala iibhetri zamandla ezithuthi kunye neebhetri ze-lithium zabathengi, ngelixa i-graphite yendalo isetyenziselwa ikakhulu iibhetri ze-lithium ezincinci kunye neebhetri ze-lithium zabathengi.Izinto ezisekelwe kwi-silicon kwizinto ezingekho kwikhabhoni zisekho kwinkqubo yophando oluqhubekayo kunye nophuhliso.Izahluli zebhetri yeLithium zinokwahlulwa zibe zizahluli ezomileyo kunye nezahluli ezimanzi ngokwenkqubo yemveliso, kwaye i-membrane emanzi yokwaleka kwisahlukanisi esimanzi iya kuba yeyona ndlela iphambili.Inkqubo emanzi kunye nenkqubo eyomileyo ineenzuzo zabo kunye nokungalunganga.Inkqubo emanzi inobungakanani obuncinci kunye nobukhulu obufanayo kunye nefilimu encinci, kodwa utyalo-mali lukhulu, inkqubo iyinkimbinkimbi, kwaye ungcoliseko lwendalo lukhulu.Inkqubo eyomileyo ilula, ixabiso eliphezulu-longeziweyo kunye nokusingqongileyo, kodwa ubukhulu bepore kunye ne-porosity kunzima ukulawula kwaye imveliso inzima ukuyinciphisa.

Umendo wobugcisa weshishini lokugcinwa kwamandla eTshayina - ukugcinwa kwamandla e-electrochemical: ibhetri ye-lead ye-asidi ye-asidi (VRLA) yibhetri ene-electrode eyenziwa ikakhulu ngelothe kunye ne-oxide yayo, kunye ne-electrolyte isisombululo se-sulfuric acid.Kwimeko yokuhlawula ibhetri ye-lead-acid, inxalenye ephambili ye-electrode efanelekileyo i-lead dioxide, kunye neyona nto iphambili ye-electrode engafanelekanga ikhokela;Kwimeko yokukhutshwa, iinqununu eziphambili ze-electrodes ezintle kunye nezibi ziyi-sulfate ekhokelayo.Umgaqo osebenzayo webhetri ye-lead-acid kukuba ibhetri ye-lead-acid luhlobo lwebhetri ene-carbon dioxide kunye ne-spongy metal lead njengento esebenzayo kunye ne-negative esebenzayo ngokulandelelana, kunye nesisombululo se-asidi yesulfuric njenge-electrolyte.Iingenelo zebhetri ye-lead-asidi yityathanga lemizi-mveliso evuthiweyo, ukusetyenziswa ngokukhuselekileyo, ukugcinwa okulula, ixabiso eliphantsi, ubomi benkonzo ende, umgangatho ozinzileyo, njl njl. Izinto ezingeloncedo kukutshaja okucothayo ngesantya, ukuxinana kwamandla aphantsi, ubomi bomjikelo omfutshane, kulula ukubangela ungcoliseko. , njl. kwaye njengamandla ombane aphambili kwizixhobo zonxibelelwano, ii-locomotives zokulawula umbane (izithuthi zokuthenga, izithuthi zothutho oluzenzekelayo, izithuthi zombane), izixhobo zokuqalisa izixhobo zomatshini (i-cordless drills, abaqhubi bombane, ii-sledges zombane), izixhobo zoshishino / izixhobo, iikhamera, njl.

Indlela yobugcisa yoshishino lokugcinwa kwamandla eTshayina - ukugcinwa kwamandla e-electrochemical: ibhetri yokuhamba kwamanzi kunye ne-sodium sulfur battery liquid flow battery luhlobo lwebhetri enokugcina umbane kwaye ikhuphe umbane ngokusabela kwe-electrochemical of soluble pair electric on the inert electrode.Ubume bebhetri yemonoma yolwelo oluqhelekileyo lubandakanya: i-electrode elungileyo kunye nengalunganga;Igumbi le-electrode elijikelezwe yi-diaphragm kunye ne-electrode;Itanki ye-Electrolyte, impompo kunye nenkqubo yombhobho.Ibhetri yokuqukuqela kolwelo sisixhobo sokugcina amandla e-electrochemical esinokuqonda uguqulo oludibeneyo lwamandla ombane kunye namandla ekhemikhali ngokusabela kokunciphisa i-oxidation yezinto ezisebenzayo ezingamanzi, ngaloo ndlela ukuqonda ukugcinwa kunye nokukhululwa kwamandla ombane.Kukho iintlobo ezininzi ezahluliweyo kunye neenkqubo ezithile zebhetri yokuhamba kwamanzi.Okwangoku, kukho iintlobo ezine kuphela zenkqubo yebhetri yokuqukuqela kolwelo ezifundwe ngobunzulu emhlabeni, kubandakanya yonke i-vanadium fluid flow battery, zinc-bromine liquid battery, iron-chromium liquid ibhetri kunye nesodium polysulfide/bromine liquid. ibhetri.Ibhetri ye-sodium-sulfure yenziwe nge-electrode ekhangayo, i-electrode engalungile, i-electrolyte, i-diaphragm kunye negobolondo, eyahlukileyo kwibhetri yesibini jikelele (ibhetri ye-lead-acid, ibhetri ye-nickel-cadmium, njl.).Ibhetri ye-sodium-sulphur yenziwe yi-electrode etyhidiweyo kunye ne-electrolyte eqinile.Into esebenzayo ye-electrode engalunganga yi-sodium yesinyithi etyhidiweyo, kwaye into esebenzayo ye-electrode esebenzayo yisulfure elulwelo kunye netyuwa etyhidiweyo ye-sodium polysulfide.I-anode yebhetri ye-sodium-sulfure yenziwe ngesulfure yamanzi, i-cathode yenziwe nge-sodium engamanzi, kunye ne-beta-aluminium ityhubhu yezinto ze-ceramic ihlukaniswe phakathi.Ubushushu bokusebenza kwebhetri buya kugcinwa bungaphezulu kwama-300 ° C ukugcina i-electrode ikwimo enyibilikayo.Indlela yobugcisa yoshishino lokugcinwa kwamandla eTshayina – iseli yamafutha: iseli yogcino lwamandla e-hydrogen i-hydrogen fuel cell sisixhobo esiguqula ngokuthe ngqo amandla ekhemikhali e-hydrogen abe ngamandla ombane.Umgaqo osisiseko kukuba i-hydrogen ingena kwi-anode yeseli yamafutha, ibola kwiiproton zegesi kunye nee-electron phantsi kwesenzo se-catalyst, kunye neeproton ze-hydrogen ezenziwe zidlula kwi-membrane yotshintshiselwano yeproton ukuya kwi-cathode yeseli yamafutha kwaye idibanise ne-oksijini ukuya. ukuvelisa amanzi, ii-electron zifikelela kwi-cathode yeseli yamafutha ngokusebenzisa isiphaluka sangaphandle ukwenza umsinga.Ngokusisiseko, sisixhobo sokuvelisa amandla e-electrochemical reaction.Ubungakanani bemarike yoshishino lwehlabathi lokugcina amandla - umthamo omtsha ofakwe kwishishini lokugcina amandla liphindwe kabini - ubungakanani bemarike yoshishino lokugcina amandla emhlabeni jikelele - iibhetri ze-lithium-ion ziseyindlela eqhelekileyo yokugcina amandla - iibhetri ze-lithium-ion zine iingenelo zokuxinana kwamandla aphezulu, ukusebenza kakuhle koguqulo, ukuphendula ngokukhawuleza, njalo njalo, kwaye okwangoku ilona nqanaba liphezulu lomthamo ofakiweyo ngaphandle kokugcinwa kompompo.Ngokwephepha elimhlophe kuphuhliso loshishino lwebhetri ye-lithium-ion yaseTshayina (2022) ngokudibeneyo ekhutshwe yi-EVTank kunye ne-Ivy Institute of Economics.Ngokutsho kwedatha yephepha elimhlophe, ngo-2021, ukuthunyelwa kwehlabathi jikelele kweebhetri ze-lithium ion kuya kuba yi-562.4GWh, ukunyuka okuphawulekayo kwe-91% ngonyaka, kwaye isabelo saso kufakelo olutsha lokugcinwa kwamandla emhlabeni luya kudlula i-90% .Nangona ezinye iindlela zokugcina amandla ezifana ne-vanadium-flow battery, ibhetri ye-sodium-ion kunye nomoya oxinyiweyo sele iqalile ukufumana ingqwalasela engakumbi kwiminyaka yamuva nje, ibhetri ye-lithium-ion iseneenzuzo ezinkulu malunga nokusebenza, iindleko kunye noshishino.Ngexesha elifutshane kunye nexesha eliphakathi, ibhetri ye-lithium-ion iya kuba yindlela ephambili yokugcina amandla kwihlabathi, kwaye isahlulo sayo kwiifakelo ezintsha zokugcina amandla ziya kuhlala ziphezulu.

I-Longrun-energy igxininise kwintsimi yokugcina amandla kwaye idibanisa isiseko senkonzo yokubonelela ngamandla ukubonelela ngezisombululo zokugcina amandla kwimizi kunye neemeko zoshishino kunye nezorhwebo, kubandakanywa ukuyila, uqeqesho lwendibano, izisombululo zemarike, ulawulo lweendleko, ulawulo, ukusebenza kunye nokugcinwa, njl. . Ngeminyaka emininzi yentsebenziswano kunye nabavelisi bebhetri abaziwayo kunye nabavelisi be-inverter, siye sashwankathela iteknoloji kunye namava ophuhliso ukwakha isiseko senkonzo yokubonelela ngenkonzo.