I-inverter yaseTshayina inyuke kakhulu kwimarike yamazwe ngamazwe

Njengenye yezinto eziphambili zenkqubo ye-photovoltaic, i-photovoltaic inverter ayinayo kuphela umsebenzi wokuguqula i-DC / AC, kodwa inomsebenzi wokwandisa ukusebenza kweseli yelanga kunye nomsebenzi wokukhusela impazamo yenkqubo, echaphazela ngokuthe ngqo ukuveliswa kwamandla. ukusebenza kakuhle kwenkqubo ye-photovoltaic yelanga.

Ngo-2003, i-Sungrow Power, ekhokelwa nguCao Renxian, intloko yekholeji, yasungula i-China yokuqala ye-10kW igridi ye-photovoltaic inverter enamalungelo azimeleyo epropathi yengqondo.Kodwa kude kube ngu-2009, kwakukho amashishini amancinci amancinci kwimveliso e-China, kwaye inani elikhulu lezixhobo lixhomekeke ekungenisweni kwamanye amazwe.Inani elikhulu leemveliso zaphesheya ezifana ne-Emerson, SMA, Siemens, Schneider kunye ne-ABB zazihlonitshwa kakhulu.

Kwiminyaka elishumi edlulileyo, i-China inverter industry iphumelele ukunyuka.Kwi-2010, i-10 ephezulu ye-photovoltaic inverters kwihlabathi yayilawulwa yi-European and American brands.Nangona kunjalo, ngo-2021, ngokwedatha yenqanaba lesabelo semarike ye-inverter, amashishini e-inverter aseTshayina abekwe phakathi kwawona aphezulu emhlabeni.

NgoJuni ka-2022, i-IHS Markit, iziko lophando eligunyazisiweyo kwihlabathi, lipapashe uluhlu lwe-2021 lwe-PV ye-inverter yemarike yehlabathi jikelele.Kolu luhlu, ukulinganiswa kwamashishini e-PV inverter yaseTshayina kuye kwatshintsha ngakumbi.

Ukusukela ngo-2015, i-Sungrow Power kunye ne-Huawei ibe zezona zimbini ziphezulu kwii-PV zokuthunyelwa kwe-inverter yehlabathi.Ngokudibeneyo, bajonga ngaphezulu kwe-40% yemarike ye-inverter yehlabathi.Ishishini laseJamani i-SMA, ethathwe njengophawu lwamashishini oguqulo lwe-PV yaseTshayina kwimbali, liye lehla ngakumbi kuluhlu lwentengiso ye-inverter yehlabathi ngo-2021, ukusuka kwisithathu ukuya kwisihlanu.Kwaye i-Jinlang Technology, inkampani yesixhenxe ye-photovoltaic inverter yaseTshayina ngo-2020, yadlula inkampani endala yokuguqula kwaye yanyuswa "kweenkwenkwezi ezikhulayo" ezintathu eziphezulu kwihlabathi.

Amashishini e-photovoltaic inverter yaseChina ekugqibeleni abe ngawona mathathu aphezulu emhlabeni, enza isizukulwana esitsha sepateni ye "tripod".Ukongezelela, abavelisi be-inverter abamele i-Jinlang, i-Guriwat kunye ne-Goodway baye bakhawuleza isantya sokuya elwandle kwaye basetyenziswa kakhulu eYurophu, e-United States, eLatin America nakwezinye iimarike;Abavelisi baphesheya kweelwandle abanje nge-SMA, i-PE kunye ne-SolerEdge basabambelele kwiimarike zengingqi ezifana neYurophu, iUnited States kunye neBrazil, kodwa isabelo semarike sehlile kakhulu.

Ukunyuka ngokukhawuleza

Ngaphambi kwe-2012, ngenxa yokuqhambuka kwemarike ye-photovoltaic eYurophu nase-United States nakwamanye amazwe kunye nokunyuka okuqhubekayo komthamo ofakiweyo, i-photovoltaic inverter market ilawulwa ngamashishini aseYurophu.Ngelo xesha, i-SMA ye-inverter ye-inverter yaseJamani yenza i-22% yesabelo semarike ye-inverter yehlabathi.Ngeli xesha, amashishini e-photovoltaic aseTshayina asekiweyo athatha ithuba lo mkhwa kwaye aqala ukuvela kwinqanaba lamazwe ngamazwe.Emva kwe-2011, imarike ye-photovoltaic eYurophu yaqala ukutshintsha, kwaye iimarike zase-Australia naseNyakatho Melika zaqhambuka.Amashishini oguqulo lwasekhaya nawo alandele ngokukhawuleza.Kuxelwe ukuba kwi-2012, amashishini e-inverter aseTshayina athatha ngaphezu kwe-50% yesabelo semarike e-Australia ngenzuzo yokusebenza kweendleko eziphezulu.

Ukususela kwi-2013, urhulumente waseTshayina ukhuphe umgaqo-nkqubo wexabiso lombane, kwaye iiprojekthi zasekhaya ziye zaqaliswa ngokulandelelana.Imarike ye-photovoltaic yaseChina ingene kwindlela ekhawulezayo yophuhliso, kwaye ngokuthe ngcembe yathatha indawo yeYurophu njengeyona marike inkulu yokufakelwa kwe-photovoltaic emhlabeni.Kulo mxholo, unikezelo lwee-inverters ezisembindini lunqongophele, kwaye isabelo semarike sasikhe sasondela kwi-90%.Okwangoku, uHuawei uthathe isigqibo sokungena kwimarike kunye ne-inverter yochungechunge, enokuthi ithathwe njenge "inversion ephindwe kabini" yemarike yoLwandle oluBomvu kunye neemveliso eziqhelekileyo.

Ukungena kweHuawei kwintsimi ye-photovoltaic inverters, kwelinye icala, igxininise kuphuhliso olubanzi lwamathemba oshishino lwe-photovoltaic.Kwangaxeshanye, ukwenziwa kwe-inverter kuyafana neshishini lezixhobo zonxibelelwano "zebhanki endala" yeHuawei kunye neshishini lolawulo lwamandla.Iyakwazi ukukopisha ngokukhawuleza inzuzo yeteknoloji yokufuduka kunye nokubonelela, ukungenisa ababoneleli abakhoyo, ukunciphisa kakhulu iindleko zophando lwe-inverter kunye nophuhliso kunye nokuthengwa, kwaye ngokukhawuleza wenze inzuzo.

Ngo-2015, uHuawei wabeka kwindawo yokuqala kwimarike yokuguqula i-PV yehlabathi, kwaye i-Sungrow Power nayo yodlula i-SMA okokuqala.Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, i-photovoltaic inverter yaseChina ekugqibeleni iphumelele izikhundla ezimbini eziphezulu zehlabathi kwaye igqibe umdlalo "we-inverter".

Ukususela kwi-2015 ukuya kwi-2018, abavelisi be-PV basekhaya be-inverter baqhubeka bekhula, kwaye bathatha ngokukhawuleza imarike ngeenzuzo zexabiso.Isabelo semarike saphesheya kweelwandle abavelisi be-inverter ye-brand-brand siqhubekile nokuba nefuthe.Kwintsimi yamandla amancinci, i-SolarEdge, i-Enphase kunye nabanye abavelisi be-inverter abaphezulu bangakwazi ukuhlala kwisabelo esithile semarike ngenxa ye-brand yabo kunye ne-channel inzuzo, ngelixa kwimarike yezikhululo zamandla ezinkulu ze-photovoltaic ezinokhuphiswano oluqatha, isabelo semarike. yaseYurophu kunye nabavelisi baseJapan abaguquguqukayo abafana ne-SMA, ABB, Schneider, TMEIC, Omron njalo njalo iyehla.

Emva kwe2018, abanye abavelisi be-inverter baphesheya baqala ukurhoxa kwishishini le-PV inverter.Kwizigebenga ezinkulu zombane, ii-photovoltaic inverters zithatha umlinganiselo omncinci kwishishini labo.I-ABB, iSchneider kunye nabanye abavelisi be-inverter baye barhoxa ngokulandelelana kwishishini lokuguqula izinto.

Abavelisi be-inverter baseTshayina baqala ukukhawulezisa ukubekwa kweemarike zaphesheya.Ngomhla we-27 kaJulayi, i-2018, i-Sungrow Power isebenzise isiseko sokuvelisa i-inverter esinomthamo ukuya kwi-3GW e-Indiya.Emva koko, nge-27 ka-Agasti, yaseka iziko lenkonzo elibanzi lasekuhlaleni e-United States ukomeleza i-inventory yaphesheya kunye neenkonzo zenkonzo emva kokuthengisa.Kwangaxeshanye, iHuawei, iShangneng, iGuriwat, iJinlang, iGoodway kunye nabanye abavelisi baye banyathela ngakumbi ukuze bahlanganise kwaye bandise uyilo lwabo lwaphesheya.Kwangaxeshanye, iimveliso ezinje ngeSanjing Electric, Shouhang New Energy kunye neMosuo Power zaqala ukufuna amathuba amatsha phesheya.

Ngokujonga ipateni yemarike yaphesheya kweelwandle, amashishini ebhrendi kunye nabathengi kwimarike yangoku bafikelele ngokusisiseko kwibhalansi ethile yokubonelela kunye nemfuno, kwaye ipateni yemarike yamazwe ngamazwe nayo yomelela.Nangona kunjalo, ezinye iimarike ezivelayo zisakwicala lophuhliso olusebenzayo kwaye zinokufuna impumelelo ethile.Uphuhliso oluqhubekayo lweemakethi ezisakhulayo zaphesheya ziya kuzisa amandla amatsha kumashishini aseTshayina aguquguqukayo.

Ukusukela ngo-2016, abavelisi be-inverter baseTshayina bathathe indawo ehamba phambili kwimarike ye-photovoltaic inverter yehlabathi.Imiba emibini yezinto ezintsha zezobuchwepheshe kunye nesicelo esikhulu siqhube ukuhla ngokukhawuleza kweendleko zazo zonke izixhumanisi ze-PV industry chain, kwaye iindleko zenkqubo ye-PV ziye zehla ngaphezu kwe-90% kwiminyaka eyi-10.Njengesixhobo esingundoqo senkqubo ye-PV, ixabiso le-PV inverter nge-watt liye lehla ngokuthe ngcembe kule minyaka ili-10 idlulileyo, ukusuka kwi-1 yuan/W kwinqanaba lokuqala ukuya malunga ne-0.1 ~ 0.2 yuan/W ngo-2021, kwaye ukuya malunga ne-1. /10 kwiminyaka eyi-10 eyadlulayo.

Ukukhawulezisa ukwahlulahlula

Kwinqanaba lokuqala lophuhliso lwe-photovoltaic, abavelisi be-inverter bagxininise ekunciphiseni iindleko zezixhobo, ukulandelwa kwamandla aphezulu, kunye nokuguqulwa kwamandla asebenzayo.Ngophuhliso oluqhubekayo lwetekhnoloji kunye nokuphuculwa kwesicelo senkqubo, i-inverter idibanise imisebenzi emininzi, efana nokukhusela i-PID yecandelo kunye nokulungiswa, ukuhlanganiswa kunye nenkxaso yokulandelela, inkqubo yokucoca kunye nezinye izixhobo zepheripheral, ukuphucula ukusebenza kwesikhululo samandla se-photovoltaic sonke. kunye nokuqinisekisa ukwandiswa kwengeniso yokuveliswa kwamandla.

Kule minyaka ilishumi idlulileyo, iimeko zokusetyenziswa kwee-inverters ziye zanda, kwaye kufuneka zijongane neemeko ezahlukeneyo zejografi kunye nemozulu egqithisileyo, efana nobushushu obuphezulu bentlango, ukufuma okuphezulu elunxwemeni kunye nenkungu ephezulu yetyuwa.Ngakolunye uhlangothi, i-inverter idinga ukuhlangabezana neemfuno zayo zokutshatyalaliswa kobushushu, kwelinye icala, kufuneka iphucule inqanaba layo lokukhusela ukujamelana nokusingqongileyo okunzima, ngokungathandabuzekiyo ibeka iimfuno eziphezulu zoyilo lwesakhiwo se-inverter kunye nobuchwepheshe bezinto eziphathekayo.

Ngaphantsi kwemvelaphi yeemfuno eziphezulu zokuvelisa amandla kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kubaphuhlisi, imboni ye-photovoltaic inverter iphuhlisa ekuthembekeni okuphezulu, ukusebenza kakuhle kokuguqulwa kunye neendleko eziphantsi.

Ukhuphiswano lwentengiso oluqatha luzise uphuculo oluqhubekayo lobuchwepheshe.Ngo-2010 okanye kunjalo, i-topology yesekethe ephambili ye-PV inverter yayiyisekethe yamanqanaba amabini, kunye nokuguqulwa ngempumelelo malunga ne-97%.Namhlanje, ukuphumelela okuphezulu kwe-inverters yabavelisi abaqhelekileyo emhlabeni jikelele kuye kwadlula i-99%, kwaye injongo elandelayo yi-99.5%.Kwisiqingatha sesibini sika-2020, iimodyuli ze-photovoltaic ziqalise iimodyuli zamandla aphezulu asekelwe kwi-182mm kunye ne-210mm ye-silicon chip sizes.Ngaphantsi kwesiqingatha sonyaka, inani lamashishini afana neHuawei, i-Sungrow Power, i-TBEA, i-Kehua Digital Energy, i-Hewang, i-Guriwat, kunye ne-Jinlang Technology ilandele ngokukhawuleza kwaye ilandelelanisa ii-inverters zechungechunge eziphezulu ezihambelana nazo.

Ngokutsho kwedatha ye-China Photovoltaic Industry Association, okwangoku, imarike yokuguqula i-PV yasekhaya isalawulwa yi-inverter yomtya kunye ne-centralized inverter, ngelixa ezinye ii-inverters ezincinci kunye nokusabalalisa i-akhawunti ye-akhawunti encinci.Ngokukhula okukhawulezayo kwemarike ye-photovoltaic esasazwayo kunye nokwanda kwenani leenguqu zentambo kwizikhululo zamandla ze-photovoltaic eziphakathi, umlinganiselo opheleleyo wee-inverters zentambo zonyukile unyaka nonyaka, zidlula i-60% ngo-2020, ngelixa ubungakanani bee-inverters ezisembindini buncinci. ngaphezu kwe-30%.Kwixesha elizayo, ngokusetyenziswa okubanzi kwee-inverters ezilandelelanayo kwizikhululo zamandla eziphantsi komhlaba, isabelo sabo semarike siya kunyuka ngakumbi.

Ngokombono wesakhiwo semarike ye-inverter, uyilo lwabavelisi abohlukeneyo lubonisa ukuba umbane welanga kunye neemveliso ze-SMA zigqityiwe, kwaye kukho zombini i-inverter kunye ne-series inverter amashishini.I-Electronics yoMbane kunye neShangneng Electric isebenzisa ikakhulu ii-inverters ezibekwe kwindawo enye.I-Huawei, i-SolarEdge, i-Jinlang Technology kunye ne-Goodway zonke zisekelwe kwii-inverters zentambo, apho iimveliso ze-Huawei ziyi-inverter enkulu yentambo kwizikhululo zamandla zomhlaba ezinkulu kunye neenkqubo ze-photovoltaic zoshishino kunye nezorhwebo, ngelixa ezi zintathu zokugqibela ziyimarike yasekhaya.Gxininisa, iHemai kunye neYuneng Technology zisebenzisa ii-inverters ezincinci.

Kwimarike yehlabathi, ii-series kunye ne-centralized inverters zezona ntlobo ziphambili.E-China, isabelo semarike ye-inverter ephakathi kunye ne-series inverter izinzile ngaphezu kwe-90%.

Kwixesha elizayo, ukuphuhliswa kwee-inverters kuya kuhluka.Ngakolunye uhlangothi, iintlobo zezicelo zezikhululo zamandla e-photovoltaic ziyahlukahlukana, kwaye izicelo ezahlukeneyo ezifana nentlango, ulwandle, uphahla olusasazwayo, kunye ne-BIPV ziyanda, kunye neemfuno ezahlukeneyo zee-inverters.Kwelinye icala, uphuhliso olukhawulezileyo lwamandla ombane, amacandelo kunye nobunye ubuchwephesha obutsha, kunye nokudityaniswa kwe-AI, idatha enkulu, i-Intanethi kunye nobunye ubuchwephesha, nazo ziqhuba inkqubela phambili yeshishini lokuguqula izinto.I-inverter iphuhlisa ijolise ekusebenzeni okuphezulu, inqanaba lamandla aphezulu, amandla ombane aphezulu e-DC, ekrelekrele ngakumbi, ikhuselekile, ukuguquguquka okunamandla kokusingqongileyo, kunye nokusebenza ngobuhlobo ngakumbi kunye nokugcinwa.

Ukongezelela, ngokusetyenziswa okukhulu kwamandla avuselelekayo kwihlabathi, izinga lokungena kwe-PV liyanda, kwaye i-inverter kufuneka ibe namandla okuxhasa igridi eqinile ukuhlangabezana neemfuno zokusebenza okuzinzileyo kunye nokuphendula ngokukhawuleza kokuthunyelwa kwegridi yangoku ebuthathaka.Ukuhlanganiswa kokugcinwa kwezinto ezibonakalayo, ukugcinwa kwe-optical kunye nokudibanisa ukutshaja, ukuveliswa kwe-photovoltaic hydrogen kunye nezinye izinto ezintsha kunye nezicelo ezidibeneyo ziya kuba yindlela ebalulekileyo ngokuthe ngcembe, kwaye i-inverter iya kungenisa indawo enkulu yophuhliso.