Ndezvipi zvakanakira simba rekuchengetedza bhatiri?

Tekinoroji nzira yeChina yekuchengetera simba indasitiri - electrochemical simba rekuchengetedza: Parizvino, zvakajairika cathode zvinhu zvelithium mabhatiri anonyanya kusanganisira lithium cobalt oxide (LCO), lithium manganese oxide (LMO), lithium iron phosphate (LFP) uye ternary zvinhu.Lithium cobaltate ndiyo yekutanga yekutengesa cathode zvinhu zvine yakakwira voltage, yakakwira tap density, yakagadzikana chimiro uye chengetedzo yakanaka, asi mutengo wakakwira uye wakaderera.Lithium manganete ine mutengo wakaderera uye yakakwira voltage, asi kutenderera kwayo kuita kwakashata uye kugona kwayo kwakadzikira.Kugona uye mutengo weiyo ternary zvinhu zvinosiyana zvichienderana nezviri mukati nickel, cobalt uye manganese (pamwe neNCA).Iyo yakazara simba density yakakwira kupfuura iyo yelithium iron phosphate uye lithium cobaltate.Lithium iron phosphate ine mutengo wakaderera, kuita kwakanaka kwebhasikoro uye kuchengetedzeka kwakanaka, asi chikuva chayo chevoltage yakadzikira uye compaction density yayo yakadzikira, zvichikonzera kuderera kwesimba rose.Parizvino, chikamu chemagetsi chinotongwa neternary uye lithium iron, nepo chikamu chekushandisa chiri kuwedzera lithium cobalt.Negative electrode zvinhu zvinogona kukamurwa kuita kabhoni zvinhu uye asiri kabhoni zvinhu: kabhoni zvinhu zvinosanganisira artificial graphite, natural graphite, mesophase carbon microspheres, soft carbon, hard carbon, etc;Zvinhu zvisina-kabhoni zvinosanganisira lithium titanate, silicon-based materials, tin-based materials, etc. Natural graphite uye artificial graphite ikozvino inonyanya kushandiswa.Kunyange zvazvo magirafu echisikigo aine zvakanakira mumutengo uye huwandu hwayo, hupenyu hwayo hwekutenderera hwakaderera uye kuenderana kwayo kwakashata;Nekudaro, zvimiro zveartificial graphite zvine mwero, ine yakanakisa kutenderera kwekuita uye kuenderana kwakanaka ne electrolyte.Artificial graphite inonyanya kushandiswa kune yakakura-inokwana mabhatiri emagetsi emotokari uye yakakwirira-yekupedzisira mutengi lithium mabhatiri, nepo girafu yechisikigo inonyanya kushandiswa kune madiki eti lithium mabhatiri uye general-chinangwa mutengi lithium mabhatiri.Iyo silicon-yakavakirwa zvinhu mune zvisiri-kabhoni zvinhu zvichiri mukuita kwekuenderera mberi kwekutsvaga nekusimudzira.Lithium bhatiri separators inogona kukamurwa kuita yakaoma separators uye yakanyorova separators zvinoenderana nemaitiro ekugadzira, uye yakanyorova membrane yekuputira mune yakanyorova separator ichave yakanyanya maitiro.Wet process uye yakaoma process ine zvayakanakira nezvayakaipira.Iyo yekunyorova maitiro ine diki uye yunifomu pore saizi uye yakatetepa firimu, asi iyo investimendi yakakura, maitiro akaoma, uye kusvibiswa kwezvakatipoteredza kwakakura.Iyo yakaoma maitiro iri nyore, yakakwira kukosha-yakawedzerwa uye inoshamwaridzana nenharaunda, asi iyo pore saizi uye porosity yakaoma kudzora uye chigadzirwa chakaoma kutetepa.

Iyo tekinoroji nzira yeChina yekuchengetera simba indasitiri - electrochemical simba rekuchengetedza: lead acid bhatiri lead acid bhatiri (VRLA) ibhatiri rine electrode inonyanya kugadzirwa nemutobvu uye oxide yayo, uye iyo electrolyte iri sulfuric acid mhinduro.Mumamiriro ekubhadhara kwebheteri ye-lead-asidi, chikamu chikuru che electrode yakanaka ndiyo lead dioxide, uye chikamu chikuru che electrode yakaipa inotungamira;Mumamiriro ekubudiswa, zvikamu zvikuru zvezvakanaka uye zvisina kunaka electrodes zvinotungamirira sulfate.Musimboti wekushanda welead-asidhi bhatiri nderekuti lead-asidhi bhatiri imhando yebhatiri ine kabhoni dhaibhoni uye spongy simbi lead seyakanaka uye yakaipa inoshanda zvinhu zvichiteerana, uye sulfuric acid mhinduro se electrolyte.Zvakanakira zvelead-asidi bhatiri iketani yakakura maindasitiri, kushandiswa kwakachengeteka, kugadziridza kuri nyore, mutengo wakaderera, hupenyu hurefu hwebasa, mhando yakagadzikana, etc. Izvo zvakaipa zvinononoka kuchaja kumhanya, kuderera kwesimba, hupenyu hupfupi, nyore kukonzera kusvibiswa. , nezvimwewo mabhatiri eLead-asidhi anoshandiswa semagetsi ekumira munhare, masisitimu emagetsi ezuva, masisitimu ekuchinja kwemagetsi, midziyo yekutaurirana, madiki emagetsi ekuchengetedza (UPS, ECR, macomputer backup masisitimu, nezvimwewo), midziyo yekukurumidzira, nezvimwewo, uye semagetsi makuru ekushandisa mumidziyo yekutaurirana, magetsi ekudzora zvitima (motokari dzinotora, mota dzekutakura otomatiki, mota dzemagetsi), maturusi emagetsi ekutanga (matambo asina tambo, vatyairi vemagetsi, zvireyi zvemagetsi), zvishandiso zvemaindasitiri / zviridzwa, makamera, nezvimwe.

Iyo tekinoroji nzira yeChina yekuchengetera simba indasitiri - electrochemical simba rekuchengetedza: mvura inoyerera bhatiri uye sodium sulfur bhatiri mvura inoyerera bhatiri imhando yebhatiri inogona kuchengeta magetsi uye kuburitsa magetsi kuburikidza ne electrochemical reaction ye soluble electric pair pane inert electrode.Chimiro cheyakajairika mvura inoyerera bhatiri monomer inosanganisira: yakanaka uye yakaipa electrodes;Imba ye electrode yakakomberedzwa ne diaphragm uye electrode;Electrolyte tangi, pombi uye pombi system.Liquid-inoyerera bhatiri ndeye electrochemical simba rekuchengetera mudziyo unogona kuona kutendeuka kwakafanana kwesimba remagetsi uye kemikari simba kuburikidza neiyo oxidation-kudzikisa maitiro emvura inoshanda zvinhu, nekudaro kuona kuchengetedza uye kuburitswa kwesimba remagetsi.Kune akawanda akapatsanurwa marudzi uye chaiwo masisitimu emvura inoyerera bhatiri.Parizvino, kune marudzi mana chete emvura inoyerera bhatiri masisitimu anonyatso kudzidzwa zvakadzama munyika, kusanganisira ese-vanadium fluid flow bhatiri, zinc-bromine fluid flow bhatiri, iron-chromium fluid flow bhatiri uye sodium polysulfide/bromine fluid. kuyerera bhatiri.Iyo sodium-sarufa bhatiri inoumbwa nechative electrode, negative electrode, electrolyte, diaphragm uye shell, iyo yakasiyana neyose yechipiri bhatiri (lead-acid bhatiri, nickel-cadmium bhatiri, nezvimwewo).Iyo sodium-sarufa bhatiri inoumbwa neyakanyungudutswa electrode uye yakasimba electrolyte.Chinhu chinoshanda cheiyo negative electrode isimbi yakanyungudutswa yesodium, uye chinhu chinoshanda cheyakanaka electrode imvura sarufa uye yakanyungudutswa sodium polysulfide munyu.Iyo anode yesodium-sarufa bhatiri inoumbwa nesarufa yemvura, iyo cathode inoumbwa nesodium yemvura, uye beta-aluminium chubhu yeceramic zvinhu inoparadzaniswa nepakati.Tembiricha yekushandisa yebhatiri ichachengetwa iri pamusoro pe300 ° C kuti electrode irambe iri mukunyunguduka.Iyo tekinoroji nzira yeChina yekuchengetera simba indasitiri - mafuta sero: hydrogen simba rekuchengetedza sero hydrogen mafuta cell mudziyo unoshandura zvakananga kemikari simba rehydrogen kuita simba remagetsi.Nheyo yakakosha ndeyekuti haidrojeni inopinda muanode yefuel cell, inowora kuita mapurotoni egasi nemaerekitironi pasi pechiito checatalyst, uye mapurotoni ehydrogen anoumbwa anopfuura nepakati peproton exchange membrane kuti asvike cathode yefuel cell uye asanganise neokisijeni. kubudisa mvura, Maerekitironi anosvika pa cathode yehuturu sero kuburikidza nekunze redunhu kuumba ikozvino.Chaizvoizvo, ndeye electrochemical reaction simba rekugadzira mudziyo.Saizi yemusika weiyo indasitiri yekuchengetera simba repasi rose - hutsva hwakaisirwa huwandu hweindasitiri yekuchengetedza simba hwakapetwa kaviri - saizi yemusika wepasi rose magetsi ekuchengetedza indasitiri - lithium-ion mabhatiri achiri nzira huru yekuchengetedza simba - lithium-ion mabhatiri ane. mabhenefiti ehuwandu hwesimba repamusoro, hukuru hwekushandura, kukurumidza kupindura, uye zvichingodaro, uye parizvino ndiyo chikamu chepamusoro chesimba rakaiswa kunze kwekupombi yekuchengetedza.Zvinoenderana nebepa jena pakuvandudza kweChina lithium-ion bhatiri indasitiri (2022) yakabatanidzwa yakaburitswa neEVTank uye Ivy Institute of Economics.Zvinoenderana nedata rebepa jena, muna 2021, iyo yepasi rose inotakura mabhatiri e-lithium ion ichave 562.4GWh, kuwedzera kwakakosha kwe91% gore negore, uye mugove wayo mukuisirwa kwesimba idzva repasi rose kuchapfuura 90%. .Kunyangwe mamwe maitiro ekuchengetedza simba akadai sevanadium-inoyerera bhatiri, sodium-ion bhatiri uye nemhepo yakamanikidzwa zvakatangawo kugamuchira zvakanyanya uye zvakanyanya kutariswa mumakore achangopfuura, lithium-ion bhatiri richine mabhenefiti makuru maererano nekuita, mutengo uye maindasitiri.Munguva pfupi uye yepakati, lithium-ion bhatiri ichava iyo nzira huru yekuchengetedza simba munyika, uye chikamu chayo mumagetsi matsva ekuchengetedza magetsi acharamba ari padanho repamusoro.

Longrun-simba rinotarisa pamunda wekuchengetedza simba uye rinobatanidza iyo simba rekupa cheni sevhisi sevhisi kuti ipe magetsi ekuchengetedza emagetsi edzimba uye maindasitiri uye ekutengesa mamiriro, anosanganisira dhizaini, kudzidziswa kwegungano, mhinduro dzemusika, kutonga kwemitengo, manejimendi, kushanda uye kugadzirisa, nezvimwe. .Nemakore akawanda ekushandira pamwe nevanogadzira mabhatiri vanozivikanwa uye vanogadzira inverter, takapfupikisa tekinoroji uye ruzivo rwekusimudzira kuvaka hwaro hwesevhisi hwesevhisi.