Inverter y'Ubushinwa yazamutse cyane ku isoko mpuzamahanga

Nka kimwe mu bintu by'ibanze bigize sisitemu ya Photovoltaque, inverter ya Photovoltaque ntabwo ifite imikorere ya DC / AC gusa, ahubwo ifite n'umurimo wo kugabanya imikorere yimirasire y'izuba hamwe na sisitemu yo gukingira amakosa, bigira ingaruka ku buryo butaziguye kubyara amashanyarazi. imikorere ya sisitemu yifoto yizuba.

Mu 2003, Sungrow Power, iyobowe na Cao Renxian, umuyobozi w'iryo shuri, yashyize ahagaragara imashini y’amashanyarazi ya 10kW ya mbere y’Ubushinwa ifite uburenganzira bwo gutunga ubwenge bwigenga.Ariko kugeza mu mwaka wa 2009, mu Bushinwa hari inganda nke za inverter mu bicuruzwa, kandi ibikoresho byinshi byashingiraga ku bicuruzwa byatumijwe mu mahanga.Umubare munini wibirango byo hanze nka Emerson, SMA, Siemens, Schneider na ABB barubahwa cyane.

Mu myaka icumi ishize, inganda z’inganda z’Ubushinwa zageze ku izamuka.Mu mwaka wa 2010, inverteri 10 za mbere zifotora ku isi zari ziganjemo ibirango by’i Burayi n’Amerika.Nyamara, mu 2021, dukurikije imibare ikurikirana y’umugabane w’isoko rya inverter, inganda ziva mu Bushinwa zashyizwe ku mwanya wa mbere ku isi.

Muri Kamena 2022, IHS Markit, ikigo cy’ubushakashatsi cyemewe ku isi, yashyize ahagaragara urutonde rw’isoko rya PV inverter 2021 ku isi.Kuri uru rutonde, urutonde rwibikorwa bya PV inverter yubushinwa byahinduye byinshi.

Kuva mu 2015, Sungrow Power na Huawei zabaye ebyiri za mbere mu kohereza PV inverter ku isi.Hamwe na hamwe, babarirwa hejuru ya 40% yisoko rya inverter yisi yose.Uruganda rw’Abadage SMA, rufatwa nk’igipimo ngenderwaho cy’inganda z’inganda za PV mu Bushinwa mu mateka, zarushijeho kugabanuka ku rutonde rw’isoko ry’imigabane ku isi mu 2021, kuva ku mwanya wa gatatu kugeza ku wa gatanu.Naho Jinlang Technology, isosiyete ya karindwi y’Abashinwa ifotora amashanyarazi mu mwaka wa 2020, yarenze isosiyete ishaje ya inverter kandi yazamuwe mu ntera ya mbere “izamuka” ku isi.

Inganda zo mu bwoko bwa Photovoltaque inverter amaherezo zabaye eshatu za mbere kwisi, zikora igisekuru gishya cy '“ingendo”.Byongeye kandi, abakora inverter bahagarariwe na Jinlang, Guriwat na Goodway bihutishije umuvuduko wabo wo kujya mu nyanja kandi bikoreshwa cyane muburayi, Amerika, Amerika y'Epfo n'andi masoko;Abakora mu mahanga nka SMA, PE na SolerEdge baracyubahiriza amasoko yo mu karere nk'Uburayi, Amerika na Berezile, ariko umugabane w'isoko wagabanutse cyane.

Kuzamuka vuba

Mbere ya 2012, kubera isoko ry’amafoto y’amashanyarazi mu Burayi no muri Amerika ndetse no mu bindi bihugu ndetse no kongera ubushobozi bwashyizweho, isoko ry’imashini ifotora yiganjemo inganda z’i Burayi.Muri kiriya gihe, imishinga yo mu Budage inverter SMA yari ifite 22% byumugabane wamasoko yisi yose.Muri kiriya gihe, Ubushinwa bwashinze imishinga y’amafoto y’amashanyarazi bwifashishije icyerekezo maze butangira kwigaragaza ku rwego mpuzamahanga.Nyuma ya 2011, isoko rya Photovoltaque i Burayi ryatangiye guhinduka, amasoko yo muri Ositaraliya no muri Amerika ya Ruguru araduka.Ibigo byimbere mu gihugu nabyo byakurikiranye vuba.Biravugwa ko mu mwaka wa 2012, inganda ziva mu Bushinwa zifite imigabane irenga 50% by’isoko muri Ositaraliya bifite inyungu zo gukora neza.

Kuva mu 2013, guverinoma y'Ubushinwa yatanze politiki ngenderwaho y'ibiciro by'amashanyarazi, kandi imishinga yo mu gihugu yatangijwe ikurikiranye.Isoko ry’amafoto y’Ubushinwa ryinjiye mu nzira yihuse y’iterambere, kandi buhoro buhoro ryasimbuye Uburayi nkisoko rinini ryo gushyiramo amashanyarazi ku isi.Ni muri urwo rwego, itangwa rya inverteri yo hagati irabura, kandi umugabane w isoko wigeze kugera kuri 90%.Kuri ubu, Huawei yahisemo kwinjira ku isoko hamwe na inverter ikurikirana, ishobora gufatwa nk '“guhinduranya kabiri” ku isoko ry’inyanja Itukura n’ibicuruzwa bikuru.

Kwinjira kwa Huawei mubijyanye na fotora ya fotora, kuruhande rumwe, yibanze ku majyambere yagutse yiterambere ryinganda zifotora.Muri icyo gihe, inganda za inverter zifite aho zihurira n’ubucuruzi bw’itumanaho rya “banki ishaje” ya Huawei n’ubucuruzi bwo gucunga amashanyarazi.Irashobora kwigana byihuse ibyiza byikoranabuhanga ryimuka hamwe nuruhererekane rwo gutanga, gutumiza ibicuruzwa bihari, kugabanya cyane ikiguzi cyubushakashatsi bwimbitse niterambere hamwe namasoko, kandi byihuse bigatanga inyungu.

Muri 2015, Huawei yaje ku mwanya wa mbere ku isoko rya PV inverter ku isi, naho Sungrow Power nayo irenga SMA ku nshuro ya mbere.Kugeza ubu, Inverter yo mu Bushinwa ifotora amashanyarazi yegukanye umwanya wa mbere ku isi kandi irangiza gukina “inverter”.

Kuva 2015 kugeza 2018, abakora PV inverter yimbere mu gihugu bakomeje kwiyongera, kandi bafata isoko byihuse nibyiza byibiciro.Umugabane wamasoko mumahanga ashaje-inverter yinganda zakomeje kugira ingaruka.Mu rwego rw’ingufu ntoya, SolarEdge, Enphase hamwe n’abandi bakora inganda zo mu rwego rwo hejuru zirashobora gukomeza gufata umugabane runaka ku isoko bitewe n’ikirango cyabo hamwe n’umuyoboro wabo, mu gihe ku isoko ry’amashanyarazi manini y’amashanyarazi afite amarushanwa akomeye, umugabane w’isoko y'abakora inganda za kera zi Burayi nu Buyapani nka SMA, ABB, Schneider, TMEIC, Omron nibindi bigenda bigabanuka.

Nyuma ya 2018, bamwe mubakora inverter mumahanga batangiye kuva mubucuruzi bwa PV inverter.Ku bihangange binini byamashanyarazi, inverters ya Photovoltaque ifite umubare muto ugereranije mubucuruzi bwabo.ABB, Schneider nabandi bakora inverter nabo bagiye bakura mubucuruzi bwa inverter.

Abashoramari bo mu Bushinwa batangiye kwihutisha imiterere y’amasoko yo hanze.Ku ya 27 Nyakanga 2018, Sungrow Power yashyize mu bikorwa inganda zikora inverter zifite ubushobozi bugera kuri 3GW mu Buhinde.Hanyuma, ku ya 27 Kanama, yashyizeho ikigo cyita kuri serivisi zuzuye muri Reta zunzubumwe zamerika kugirango gishimangire ibarura ry’imbere mu mahanga ndetse n’ubushobozi bwa serivisi nyuma yo kugurisha.Muri icyo gihe, Huawei, Shangneng, Guriwat, Jinlang, Goodway n'abandi bakora inganda barushijeho guhagurukira gushimangira no kwagura imiterere yabo mu mahanga.Muri icyo gihe, ibirango nka Sanjing Electric, Shouhang New Energy na Mosuo Power byatangiye gushaka amahirwe mashya mu mahanga.

Urebye uko isoko ryo hanze ryifashe, ibigo byamamaza hamwe nabakiriya ku isoko ryubu byageze ahanini muburinganire mubitangwa nibisabwa, kandi isoko mpuzamahanga naryo ryarashimangiye.Nyamara, amasoko amwe amwe aracyari mu cyerekezo cyiterambere ryiterambere kandi arashobora gushaka intambwe.Iterambere rihoraho ryamasoko azamuka mumahanga azazana imbaraga nshya mubucuruzi bwimishinga yo mubushinwa.

Kuva mu mwaka wa 2016, Abashinwa bakora inverter bafashe umwanya wa mbere ku isoko rya fotokoltaque ku isoko.Ibintu bibiri byo guhanga udushya mu ikoranabuhanga hamwe n’ikoreshwa rinini ryatumye igabanuka ryihuse ry’ibiciro by’urunani rw’inganda za PV, kandi ibiciro bya sisitemu ya PV byagabanutse hejuru ya 90% mu myaka 10.Nkibikoresho byingenzi bya sisitemu ya PV, igiciro cya PV inverter kuri watt cyagabanutse buhoro buhoro mumyaka 10 ishize, kuva hejuru ya 1 yuan / W mubyiciro byambere bigera kuri 0.1 ~ 0.2 yuan / W muri 2021, no kuri 1 / 10 muriyo myaka 10 ishize.

Kwihutisha ibice

Mubyiciro byambere byiterambere rya Photovoltaque, abakora inverter bibanze kugabanya ibiciro, kugabanya ingufu zikurikirana, no guhindura ingufu neza.Hamwe niterambere rihoraho ryikoranabuhanga hamwe no kuzamura sisitemu ya sisitemu, inverter yahujije imirimo myinshi, nko kurinda PID kurinda no gusana, guhuza inkunga yo gukurikirana, sisitemu yo gukora isuku nibindi bikoresho bya peripheri, kugirango tunoze imikorere ya sitasiyo yose y’amashanyarazi. kandi urebe neza ko umusaruro mwinshi winjiza amashanyarazi.

Mu myaka icumi ishize, ibintu byakoreshwaga mu guhindura ibintu byagiye byiyongera, kandi bakeneye guhangana n’ibidukikije bitandukanye bigoye ndetse n’ikirere gikabije, nk’ubushyuhe bwo mu butayu, ubushuhe bwinshi bwo ku nkombe hamwe n’igihu kinini.Ku ruhande rumwe, inverter ikeneye guhaza ibyifuzo byayo byo gukwirakwiza ubushyuhe, kurundi ruhande, ikeneye kunoza urwego rwo kuyirinda kugira ngo ihangane n’ibidukikije bikaze, nta gushidikanya ko bitanga ibisabwa cyane mu bijyanye n’imiterere y’imiterere n’ikoranabuhanga.

Mugihe cyibisabwa byinshi kugirango ingufu zitanga ingufu nubushobozi buva kubateza imbere, inganda zifotora za fotovoltaque ziratera imbere zigana kwizerwa, gukora neza no kugiciro gito.

Amarushanwa akomeye ku isoko yazanye kuzamura ikoranabuhanga rihoraho.Muri 2010 cyangwa hafi yaho, topologiya nyamukuru yumuzingi wa PV inverter yari umuzenguruko winzego ebyiri, hamwe no guhindura ibintu hafi 97%.Uyu munsi, imikorere ntarengwa ya inverters yinganda zikora kwisi kwisi muri rusange yarenze 99%, naho intego ikurikira ni 99.5%.Mu gice cya kabiri cya 2020, modul ya fotovoltaque yatangije modul zifite ingufu nyinshi zishingiye kuri 182mm na 210mm ya silicon chip.Mugihe kitarenze igice cyumwaka, ibigo byinshi nka Huawei, Sungrow Power, TBEA, Kehua Digital Energy, Hewang, Guriwat, na Jinlang Technology byakurikiranye vuba kandi bikurikirana byatangije iniverisite zikoresha ingufu nyinshi zibahuza.

Dukurikije imibare y’ishyirahamwe ry’inganda zifotora mu Bushinwa, kuri ubu, isoko ry’imbere mu gihugu rya PV riracyiganjemo imigozi ihinduranya hamwe na inverteri yo hagati, mu gihe andi mikoro hamwe n’ikwirakwizwa rya interineti bifite umubare muto ugereranije.Hamwe niterambere ryihuse ryisoko ryagabanijwe ryamafoto hamwe no kwiyongera kwurugero rwimigozi ihindagurika mumashanyarazi akomatanyirijwe hamwe, umubare rusange wimihindagurikire yimigozi wiyongereye uko umwaka utashye, urenga 60% muri 2020, mugihe igipimo cy’ibicuruzwa byinjira hagati ari bike hejuru ya 30%.Mugihe kizaza, hamwe nogukoresha kwinshi kwa seriveri ihinduranya amashanyarazi manini yubutaka, umugabane wabo ku isoko uzarushaho kwiyongera.

Urebye imiterere yisoko rya inverter, imiterere yinganda zinyuranye zerekana ko amashanyarazi akomoka ku mirasire yizuba hamwe nibicuruzwa bya SMA byuzuye, kandi hariho imishinga ihuriweho hamwe nubucuruzi bukurikirana.Amashanyarazi ya Electronics na Shangneng Amashanyarazi akoresha cyane cyane inverters.Huawei, SolarEdge, Ikoranabuhanga rya Jinlang na Goodway byose bishingiye ku guhinduranya imigozi, muri byo ibicuruzwa bya Huawei ahanini ni iniverisite nini nini ku mashanyarazi manini y’ubutaka hamwe na sisitemu y’amafoto y’ubucuruzi n’ubucuruzi, mu gihe bitatu bya nyuma bigenewe isoko ry’urugo.Shimangira, Hemai na Yuneng Technology cyane cyane ikoresha micro inverter.

Ku isoko ryisi, urukurikirane hamwe na inverteri yibanze ni ubwoko bwingenzi.Mubushinwa, umugabane wisoko rya inverteri hamwe na seriveri ihindagurika ihagaze neza hejuru ya 90%.

Mugihe kizaza, iterambere rya inverters rizatandukana.Ku ruhande rumwe, ubwoko bwimikorere ya sitasiyo yamashanyarazi iratandukanye, kandi nibisabwa bitandukanye nkubutayu, inyanja, igisenge cyagabanijwe, na BIPV biriyongera, hamwe nibisabwa bitandukanye kuri inverter.Ku rundi ruhande, iterambere ryihuse ry’ingufu za elegitoroniki, ibice n’ubundi buryo bushya bw’ikoranabuhanga, kimwe no guhuza AI, amakuru manini, interineti n’ikoranabuhanga rindi, na byo bituma iterambere rikomeza ry’inganda zidasanzwe.Inverter iratera imbere igana ku bushobozi buhanitse, urwego rwo hejuru rwingufu, ingufu za DC nyinshi, ubwenge bwinshi, umutekano, imbaraga zikomeye zo guhangana n’ibidukikije, hamwe n’ibikorwa bya gicuti no kubungabunga.

Byongeye kandi, hamwe nogukoresha kwinshi kwingufu zishobora kuvugururwa kwisi, igipimo cya PV cyiyongera, kandi inverter ikeneye kugira imbaraga zingirakamaro za gride kugirango zuzuze ibisabwa byimikorere ihamye hamwe nigisubizo cyihuse cya gride idakomeye.Guhuza ububiko bwiza, kubika optique no kwishyuza kwishyira hamwe, kubyara hydrogène ya hydrovoltaque nibindi bikorwa bishya kandi bishyizwe hamwe nabyo bizahinduka inzira yingenzi, kandi inverter izatangiza umwanya munini witerambere.