Ubwino wa batire yosungira mphamvu ndi chiyani?

Njira yaukadaulo yaku China yosungira mphamvu - kusungirako mphamvu zamagetsi: Pakalipano, zida wamba za cathode zamabatire a lithiamu makamaka zimaphatikizapo lithiamu cobalt oxide (LCO), lithiamu manganese oxide (LMO), lithiamu iron phosphate (LFP) ndi zida za ternary. Lithium cobaltate ndiye chinthu choyamba chogulitsa ma cathode chokhala ndi magetsi okwera kwambiri, kachulukidwe kampopi, mawonekedwe okhazikika komanso chitetezo chabwino, koma okwera mtengo komanso otsika. Lithium manganenate ili ndi mtengo wotsika komanso wokwera kwambiri, koma kuyendetsa kwake sikuyenda bwino komanso mphamvu zake ndizochepa. Mphamvu ndi mtengo wa zida za ternary zimasiyana malinga ndi zomwe zili mu faifi tambala, cobalt ndi manganese (kuphatikiza NCA). Kuchuluka kwa mphamvu zonse ndikwambiri kuposa kwa lithiamu iron phosphate ndi lithiamu cobaltate. Lithium iron phosphate ili ndi mtengo wotsika, kuyendetsa bwino kwa njinga ndi chitetezo chabwino, koma nsanja yake yamagetsi ndiyotsika komanso kachulukidwe kake kamakhala kotsika, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti mphamvu zake zizichepa. Pakalipano, gawo lamagetsi limayang'aniridwa ndi ternary ndi lithiamu chitsulo, pamene gawo logwiritsira ntchito ndilo lithiamu cobalt. Negative elekitirodi zipangizo akhoza kugawidwa mu zipangizo mpweya ndi zinthu sanali mpweya: zipangizo mpweya monga yokumba graphite, masoka graphite, mesophase mpweya microspheres, mpweya wofewa, mpweya wolimba, etc; Zida zopanda mpweya zimaphatikizapo lithiamu titanate, zipangizo zopangira silicon, zipangizo za tini, ndi zina zotero. Ngakhale kuti graphite yachilengedwe ili ndi ubwino pamtengo ndi mphamvu zenizeni, moyo wake wozungulira ndi wochepa ndipo kusasinthasintha kwake kumakhala kosauka; Komabe, katundu wa graphite yokumba ndi bwino, ndi ntchito kwambiri kufalitsidwa ndi kugwilizana bwino electrolyte. graphite yokumba zimagwiritsa ntchito yaikulu mphamvu galimoto mabatire mphamvu ndi mkulu-mapeto ogula lifiyamu mabatire, pamene graphite zachilengedwe zimagwiritsa ntchito yaing'ono mabatire lifiyamu ndi ambiri cholinga ogula lifiyamu mabatire. Zida zopangidwa ndi silicon muzinthu zopanda kaboni zidakali mkati mwa kafukufuku wopitilira ndi chitukuko. Olekanitsa mabatire a lithiamu amatha kugawidwa kukhala olekanitsa owuma ndi olekanitsa onyowa malinga ndi njira yopangira, ndipo kuyanika kwa nembanemba konyowa mu cholekanitsa chonyowa kudzakhala njira yayikulu. Njira yonyowa komanso yowuma imakhala ndi zabwino komanso zovuta zake. Njira yonyowa imakhala ndi kukula kwa pore kakang'ono komanso kofanana ndi filimu yochepetsetsa, koma ndalamazo ndi zazikulu, ndondomekoyi ndi yovuta, ndipo kuwonongeka kwa chilengedwe ndi kwakukulu. Njira youma ndi yophweka, yowonjezera mtengo wapatali komanso yogwirizana ndi chilengedwe, koma kukula kwa pore ndi porosity ndizovuta kulamulira ndipo mankhwalawo ndi ovuta kuwonda.

Njira yaukadaulo yamakampani aku China osungira mphamvu - electrochemical energy storage: lead acid lead acid lead batire (VRLA) ndi batire yomwe elekitirodi yake imapangidwa makamaka ndi lead ndi okusayidi yake, ndipo electrolyte ndi sulfuric acid solution. M'malo a batire ya lead-acid, gawo lalikulu la electrode yabwino ndi lead dioxide, ndipo gawo lalikulu la electrode negative ndi lead; M'malo otulutsa, zigawo zazikulu za electrode zabwino ndi zoipa ndi lead sulfate. Mfundo yogwirira ntchito ya batire ya lead-acid ndikuti batire ya lead-acid ndi mtundu wa batire yokhala ndi carbon dioxide ndi spongy metal lead monga zinthu zabwino ndi zoipa zogwira motsatana, ndi njira ya sulfuric acid ngati electrolyte. Ubwino wa batire kutsogolera-asidi ndi okhwima mafakitale unyolo, ntchito otetezeka, kukonza zosavuta, mtengo wotsika, moyo wautali utumiki, khalidwe khola, etc. The kuipa ndi wosakwiya nawuza liwiro, otsika mphamvu kachulukidwe, moyo waufupi mkombero, zosavuta kuchititsa kuipitsa, etc. kutsogolera-asidi mabatire ntchito ngati standby magetsi mu kulankhulana, pakompyuta, makina ang'onoang'ono lophimba mphamvu ECR, machitidwe ang'onoang'ono mphamvu yolumikizirana ndi mphamvu yamagetsi yamagetsi yamagetsi yamagetsi yamagetsi yamagetsi yamagetsi yamagetsi, ECR. makina osunga zobwezeretsera, etc.), zida zadzidzidzi, ndi zina zambiri, komanso ngati zida zazikulu zamagetsi mu zida zoyankhulirana, ma locomotives owongolera magetsi (magalimoto otengera, magalimoto onyamula okha, magalimoto amagetsi), zoyambira zida zamakina (zobowola zopanda zingwe, madalaivala amagetsi, ma sledges amagetsi), zida zamafakitale / zida, makamera, ndi zina zambiri.

Njira yaukadaulo yaku China yosungira mphamvu - kusungirako mphamvu yamagetsi: batire yamadzimadzi yothamanga ndi sodium sulfure batire yamadzi othamanga ndi mtundu wa batri womwe umatha kusunga magetsi ndikutulutsa magetsi kudzera mumayendedwe a electrochemical a soluble electric pair pa electrode inert. Kapangidwe ka mmene madzi otaya batire monomer zikuphatikizapo: zabwino ndi zoipa maelekitirodi; Chipinda cha electrode chozunguliridwa ndi diaphragm ndi electrode; Tanki ya electrolyte, pampu ndi mapaipi. Batire ya Liquid-flow ndi chipangizo chosungiramo mphamvu ya electrochemical chomwe chimatha kuzindikira kutembenuka kwamphamvu kwamagetsi ndi mphamvu zamagetsi kudzera munjira yochepetsera oxidation ya zinthu zamadzimadzi zomwe zimagwira ntchito, motero kuzindikira kusungidwa ndi kutulutsa mphamvu yamagetsi. Pali mitundu yambiri yogawidwa ndi machitidwe enieni a batire yamadzimadzi. Pakali pano, pali mitundu inayi yokha ya madzi otaya kachitidwe batire amene kwenikweni anaphunzira mozama mu dziko, kuphatikizapo zonse-vanadium madzi otaya batire, nthaka-bromine madzi otaya batire, chitsulo-chromium madzi otaya batire ndi sodium polysulfide/bromine madzi otaya batire. Batire ya sodium-sulfure imapangidwa ndi electrode positive, electrode negative, electrolyte, diaphragm ndi chipolopolo, chomwe ndi chosiyana ndi batire yachiwiri yachiwiri (batire la lead-acid, nickel-cadmium battery, etc.). Batire ya sodium-sulfure imapangidwa ndi electrode yosungunuka ndi electrolyte yolimba. The yogwira mankhwala a elekitirodi zoipa ndi chitsulo chosungunula sodium, ndi yogwira mankhwala a elekitirodi zabwino ndi madzi sulfure ndi wosungunuka sodium polysulfide mchere. The anode wa sodium-sulfure batire wapangidwa madzi sulfure, ndi cathode wapangidwa ndi madzi sodium, ndi beta-zotayidwa chubu cha ceramic zakuthupi anapatukana pakati. Kutentha kwa batire kumasungidwa pamwamba pa 300 ° C kuti ma elekitirodi akhale osungunuka. Njira yaukadaulo yaku China yosungira mphamvu - cell cell: hydrogen energy storage cell hydrogen fuel cell ndi chipangizo chomwe chimasintha mwachindunji mphamvu yama hydrogen kukhala mphamvu yamagetsi. Mfundo yaikulu ndi yakuti haidrojeni imalowa mu anode ya selo yamafuta, imawola kukhala mapulotoni a mpweya ndi ma elekitironi pansi pa chothandizira, ndipo mapulotoni a haidrojeni omwe amapangidwa amadutsa mumsana wa pulotoni kuti apite ku cathode ya selo yamafuta ndikuphatikizana ndi mpweya kuti apange madzi, ma elekitironi amafika ku cathode ya selo yamafuta kudzera m'dera lakunja kuti apange pano. Kwenikweni, ndi chipangizo chamagetsi cha electrochemical reaction. Kukula kwa msika wamakampani osungira mphamvu padziko lonse lapansi - mphamvu yatsopano yosungiramo mphamvu yachulukirachulukira - kukula kwa msika wamakampani osungira mphamvu padziko lonse lapansi - mabatire a lithiamu-ion akadali njira yayikulu yosungiramo mphamvu - mabatire a lithiamu-ion ali ndi mwayi wokhala ndi mphamvu zambiri, kutembenuka kwakukulu, kuyankha mwachangu, ndi zina zotero, ndipo pakali pano ndi gawo lalikulu kwambiri la mphamvu zoyikapo kupatula zosungirako zopopera. Malinga ndi pepala loyera pakukula kwa makampani a batire a lithiamu-ion ku China (2022) omwe adatulutsidwa pamodzi ndi EVTank ndi Ivy Institute of Economics. Malinga ndi zidziwitso za pepala loyera, mu 2021, mabatire onse a lithiamu ion padziko lonse lapansi adzakhala 562.4GWh, kuwonjezeka kwakukulu kwa 91% chaka chilichonse, ndipo gawo lake pakukhazikitsanso mphamvu zatsopano padziko lonse lapansi lidzapitilira 90%. Ngakhale njira zina zosungiramo mphamvu monga vanadium-flow battery, sodium-ion battery ndi compressed air yayambanso kulandira chidwi kwambiri m'zaka zaposachedwa, batri ya lithiamu-ion idakali ndi ubwino waukulu pakuchita, mtengo ndi mafakitale. Munthawi yaifupi komanso yapakatikati, batire ya lithiamu-ion idzakhala njira yayikulu yosungira mphamvu padziko lapansi, ndipo gawo lake m'makhazikitsidwe atsopano osungira mphamvu lidzakhalabe pamlingo wapamwamba.

Longrun-mphamvu imayang'ana pa malo osungira mphamvu ndikuphatikiza gawo lautumiki wamagetsi kuti lipereke mayankho osungira mphamvu panyumba ndi mafakitale ndi malonda, kuphatikiza kapangidwe, maphunziro a msonkhano, mayankho amsika, kuwongolera mtengo, kasamalidwe, ntchito ndi kukonza, etc.