Kafukufuku Waposachedwa pa Ma Panel a Photovoltaic

Pakalipano, ochita kafukufuku akugwira ntchito pazigawo zitatu zazikulu za kafukufuku wa photovoltaics: crystalline silicon, perovskites ndi maselo osinthasintha a dzuwa.Madera atatuwa ndi othandizirana, ndipo amatha kupanga teknoloji ya photovoltaic kukhala yothandiza kwambiri.

Silicon ya Crystalline ndiye chinthu chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pamagetsi a solar.Komabe, kuchita bwino kwake kumakhala kochepa kwambiri poyerekeza ndi malire.Chifukwa chake, ofufuza ayamba kuyang'ana kwambiri pakupanga ma PV apamwamba kwambiri a crystalline.National Renewable Energy Laboratory ikuyang'ana kwambiri pakupanga zida za III-V multijunction zomwe zikuyembekezeka kukhala ndi magwiridwe antchito mpaka 30%.

Perovskites ndi mtundu watsopano wa maselo a dzuwa omwe posachedwapa awonetsedwa kuti ndi othandiza komanso ogwira ntchito.Zida zimenezi zimatchedwanso "photosynthetic complexes."Zagwiritsidwa ntchito kuonjezera mphamvu ya maselo a dzuwa.Akuyembekezeka kukhala ochita malonda m'zaka zingapo zikubwerazi.Poyerekeza ndi silicon, perovskites ndi yotsika mtengo ndipo imakhala ndi ntchito zambiri zomwe zingatheke.

Ma Perovskites amatha kuphatikizidwa ndi zida za silicon kuti apange selo lothandiza komanso lolimba la dzuwa.Maselo a dzuwa a crystal a Perovskite akhoza kukhala 20 peresenti yopambana kuposa silicon.Zida za Perovskite ndi Si-PV zawonetsanso magwiridwe antchito mpaka 28 peresenti.Kuonjezera apo, ochita kafukufuku apanga teknoloji ya bifacial yomwe imathandiza kuti maselo a dzuwa atenge mphamvu kuchokera kumbali zonse za gululo.Izi ndizopindulitsa makamaka pazogulitsa zamalonda, chifukwa zimapulumutsa ndalama pakuyika ndalama.

Kuphatikiza pa perovskites, ofufuza akufufuzanso zinthu zomwe zimatha kukhala zonyamulira kapena zowunikira.Zipangizozi zingathandizenso kuti ma cell a dzuwa azikhala otsika mtengo.Angathandizenso kupanga mapanelo omwe sangawonongeke.

Ofufuza pakali pano akugwira ntchito yopanga cell ya solar ya Tandem Perovskite yothandiza kwambiri.Selo iyi ikuyembekezeka kugulitsidwa zaka zingapo zikubwerazi.Ofufuzawa akugwirizana ndi Dipatimenti ya Zamagetsi ku US ndi National Science Foundation.

Kuphatikiza apo, ochita kafukufuku akugwiritsanso ntchito njira zatsopano zokolola mphamvu za dzuwa mumdima.Njirazi zikuphatikizapo distillation ya dzuwa, yomwe imagwiritsa ntchito kutentha kwa gululi kuyeretsa madzi.Njirazi zikuyesedwa ku yunivesite ya Stanford.

Ochita kafukufuku akufufuzanso za kugwiritsa ntchito zipangizo za PV za thermoradiative.Zidazi zimagwiritsa ntchito kutentha kuchokera pagawo kuti apange magetsi usiku.Ukadaulo uwu ukhoza kukhala wothandiza makamaka m'malo ozizira pomwe magwiridwe antchito amachepa.Kutentha kwa ma cell kumatha kupitilira 25degC padenga lamdima.Maselo amatha kuziziritsidwa ndi madzi, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zogwira mtima.

Ofufuzawa apezanso posachedwapa kugwiritsa ntchito maselo osinthasintha a dzuwa.Mapanelowa amatha kupirira kumizidwa m'madzi ndipo ndi opepuka kwambiri.Amathanso kupirira kugundidwa ndi galimoto.Kafukufuku wawo amathandizidwa ndi Eni-MIT Alliance Solar Frontiers Program.Athanso kupanga njira yatsopano yoyesera ma PV cell.

Kafukufuku waposachedwa wa mapanelo a photovoltaic amayang'ana kwambiri pakupanga matekinoloje omwe ali opambana, otsika mtengo, komanso okhazikika.Ntchito zofufuza izi zikuchitika ndi magulu osiyanasiyana ku United States komanso padziko lonse lapansi.Matekinoloje odalirika kwambiri amaphatikiza ma cell a solar amtundu wachiwiri komanso ma cell a solar osinthika.