What are the advantages of energy storage battery?

Technical path of China’s energy storage industry – electrochemical energy storage: At present, the common cathode materials of lithium batteries mainly include lithium cobalt oxide (LCO), lithium manganese oxide (LMO), lithium iron phosphate (LFP) and ternary materials. Lithium cobaltate is the first commercialized cathode material with high voltage, high tap density, stable structure and good safety, but high cost and low capacity. Lithium manganate has low cost and high voltage, but its cycle performance is poor and its capacity is also low. The capacity and cost of the ternary materials vary according to the content of nickel, cobalt and manganese (in addition to NCA). The overall energy density is higher than that of lithium iron phosphate and lithium cobaltate. Lithium iron phosphate has low cost, good cycling performance and good safety, but its voltage platform is low and its compaction density is low, resulting in low overall energy density. At present, the power sector is dominated by ternary and lithium iron, while the consumption sector is more lithium cobalt. Negative electrode materials can be divided into carbon materials and non-carbon materials: carbon materials include artificial graphite, natural graphite, mesophase carbon microspheres, soft carbon, hard carbon, etc; Non-carbon materials include lithium titanate, silicon-based materials, tin-based materials, etc. Natural graphite and artificial graphite are currently the most widely used. Although natural graphite has advantages in cost and specific capacity, its cycle life is low and its consistency is poor; However, the properties of artificial graphite are relatively balanced, with excellent circulation performance and good compatibility with electrolyte. Artificial graphite is mainly used for large-capacity vehicle power batteries and high-end consumer lithium batteries, while natural graphite is mainly used for small lithium batteries and general-purpose consumer lithium batteries. The silicon-based materials in non-carbon materials are still in the process of continuous research and development. Lithium battery separators can be divided into dry separators and wet separators according to the production process, and the wet membrane coating in the wet separator will be the major trend. Wet process and dry process have their own advantages and disadvantages. The wet process has small and uniform pore size and thinner film, but the investment is large, the process is complex, and the environmental pollution is large. The dry process is relatively simple, high value-added and environmentally friendly, but the pore size and porosity are difficult to control and the product is difficult to thin.

The technical path of China’s energy storage industry – electrochemical energy storage: lead acid battery lead acid battery (VRLA) is a battery whose electrode is mainly made of lead and its oxide, and the electrolyte is sulfuric acid solution. In the state of charge of lead-acid battery, the main component of the positive electrode is lead dioxide, and the main component of the negative electrode is lead; In the discharge state, the main components of the positive and negative electrodes are lead sulfate. The working principle of lead-acid battery is that lead-acid battery is a kind of battery with carbon dioxide and spongy metal lead as positive and negative active substances respectively, and sulfuric acid solution as electrolyte. The advantages of lead-acid battery are relatively mature industrial chain, safe use, simple maintenance, low cost, long service life, stable quality, etc. The disadvantages are slow charging speed, low energy density, short cycle life, easy to cause pollution, etc. Lead-acid batteries are used as standby power supplies in telecommunications, solar energy systems, electronic switch systems, communication equipment, small backup power supplies (UPS, ECR, computer backup systems, etc.), emergency equipment, etc., and as main power supplies in communication equipment, electric control locomotives (acquisition vehicles, automatic transport vehicles, electric vehicles), mechanical tool starters (cordless drills, electric drivers, electric sledges), industrial equipment/instruments, cameras, etc.

The technical path of China’s energy storage industry – electrochemical energy storage: liquid flow battery and sodium sulfur battery liquid flow battery are a kind of battery that can store electricity and discharge electricity through the electrochemical reaction of soluble electric pair on the inert electrode. The structure of a typical liquid flow battery monomer includes: positive and negative electrodes; An electrode chamber surrounded by a diaphragm and an electrode; Electrolyte tank, pump and pipeline system. Liquid-flow battery is an electrochemical energy storage device that can realize the mutual conversion of electric energy and chemical energy through the oxidation-reduction reaction of liquid active substances, thus realizing the storage and release of electric energy. There are many subdivided types and specific systems of liquid flow battery. At present, there are only four kinds of liquid flow battery systems that are really studied in depth in the world, including all-vanadium liquid flow battery, zinc-bromine liquid flow battery, iron-chromium liquid flow battery and sodium polysulfide/bromine liquid flow battery. The sodium-sulfur battery is composed of positive electrode, negative electrode, electrolyte, diaphragm and shell, which is different from the general secondary battery (lead-acid battery, nickel-cadmium battery, etc.). The sodium-sulfur battery is composed of molten electrode and solid electrolyte. The active substance of the negative electrode is molten metal sodium, and the active substance of the positive electrode is liquid sulfur and molten sodium polysulfide salt. The anode of the sodium-sulfur battery is composed of liquid sulfur, the cathode is composed of liquid sodium, and the beta-aluminum tube of ceramic material is separated in the middle. The operating temperature of the battery shall be maintained above 300 ° C to keep the electrode in a molten state. The technical path of China’s energy storage industry – fuel cell: hydrogen energy storage cell hydrogen fuel cell is a device that directly converts the chemical energy of hydrogen into electrical energy. The basic principle is that hydrogen enters the anode of the fuel cell, decomposes into gas protons and electrons under the action of catalyst, and the hydrogen protons formed pass through the proton exchange membrane to reach the cathode of the fuel cell and combine with oxygen to generate water, The electrons reach the cathode of the fuel cell through an external circuit to form a current. Essentially, it is an electrochemical reaction power generation device. The market size of the global energy storage industry — the new installed capacity of the energy storage industry has doubled — the market size of the global energy storage industry — lithium-ion batteries are still the mainstream form of energy storage — lithium-ion batteries have the advantages of high energy density, high conversion efficiency, fast response, and so on, and are currently the highest proportion of installed capacity except for pumped storage. According to the white paper on the development of China’s lithium-ion battery industry (2022) jointly released by EVTank and Ivy Institute of Economics. According to the data of the white paper, in 2021, the global total shipments of lithium ion batteries will be 562.4GWh, a significant increase of 91% year on year, and its share in the global new energy storage installations will also exceed 90%. Although other forms of energy storage such as vanadium-flow battery, sodium-ion battery and compressed air have also begun to receive more and more attention in recent years, lithium-ion battery still has great advantages in terms of performance, cost and industrialization. In the short and medium term, lithium-ion battery will be the main form of energy storage in the world, and its proportion in the new energy storage installations will remain at a high level.

Longrun-energy focuses on the field of energy storage and integrates the energy supply chain service base to provide energy storage solutions for household and industrial and commercial scenarios, including design, assembly training, market solutions, cost control, management, operation and maintenance, etc. With many years of cooperation with well-known battery manufacturers and inverter manufacturers, we have summarized technology and development experience to build an integrated supply chain service base.