Emerging Trends in Global Power Battery Innovation

Countries worldwide are racing to iteratively optimize battery materials and structures to achieve the development of a new generation of high-performance, low-cost power batteries by 2025.

When it comes to electrode materials, the mainstream trend for enhancing power battery energy density and reducing costs involves reducing the cobalt content of raw materials and increasing the nickel content, given the conflict between resource scarcity and surging demand. Major power battery companies like Panasonic, LG, and CATL are focusing on low-cobalt and cobalt-free batteries as the next generation of power battery development. The increasing demand for high energy density due to deep electrification is pushing for higher capacity limits in lithium-ion graphite anode materials. The combination of silicon-carbon anodes with high-nickel ternary materials is becoming a developmental trend.

In terms of battery pack assembly, traditional module configurations only utilize about 40% of the space available. The key focus for optimizing battery structures lies in integrated and streamlined cell, module, and packaging methods. Techniques such as directly integrating cells into battery packs (CTP technology) or integrating battery pack enclosures with vehicle bodies (CTC technology) are emerging as optimization strategies.

The diversification of power battery technology pathways is expected to lead to the widespread application of solid-state batteries by 2030.

Currently, sodium-ion batteries are in the early stages of commercialization, but limited by their energy density ceiling. By 2030, sodium-ion batteries are poised to supplement lithium-ion batteries and find applications in energy storage and low-speed electric vehicles sensitive to pricing. The development of solid-state battery technology is accelerating, with next-generation batteries like 500 watt-hours per kilogram solid-state batteries and lithium-sulfur batteries expected to enter the market on a large scale around 2030. Ongoing research into high-performance metal-air batteries and low-cost metal-hydrogen batteries is projected to lead to application breakthroughs post-2030.

Efforts in power battery recycling and comprehensive life cycle management are anticipated to become new technological barriers in the future.

The European Union has enacted the New Battery Act and the New Battery Strategy Research and Innovation Agenda, setting a "green threshold" for power battery products. The strategic and carbon barriers for power batteries are likely to rise, underscoring the increasing importance of battery recycling with its strategic and carbon emission reduction attributes. The EU has explicitly stated that by 2031, the average recovery rates for cobalt, nickel, and copper must reach 95%, with lithium at 80%. The implementation of the "green threshold" is expected to expedite the development of battery recycling and utilization technologies in the renewable resource industry. Moreover, the introduction of "battery passports" will facilitate data sharing and the convergence of battery management models, enhancing the transparency and traceability of power battery life cycle data management.

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