Kedu uru batrị nchekwa ike dị?

Teknụzụ ụzọ nke ụlọ ọrụ nchekwa ike nke China - nchekwa nchekwa ike electrochemical: Ka ọ dị ugbu a, ihe ndị na-ahụkarị cathode nke batrị lithium gụnyere gụnyere lithium cobalt oxide (LCO), lithium manganese oxide (LMO), lithium iron phosphate (LFP) na ihe ternary.Lithium cobaltate bụ ngwa ahịa cathode izizi nwere nnukwu voltaji, njupụta dị elu, usoro kwụsiri ike na nchekwa dị mma, mana ọnụ ahịa dị elu yana ikike dị ala.Lithium manganate nwere ọnụ ala dị ala na nnukwu voltaji, mana arụmọrụ okirikiri ya adịghị mma yana ikike ya dịkwa ala.Ikike na ọnụ ahịa ihe ternary dị iche iche dabere na ọdịnaya nke nickel, cobalt na manganese (na mgbakwunye na NCA).Njupụta ike zuru oke dị elu karịa nke lithium iron phosphate na lithium cobaltate.Lithium iron phosphate nwere ọnụ ala dị ala, arụmọrụ ịgba ígwè dị mma yana nchekwa dị mma, mana ikpo okwu voltaji ya dị ala na njupụta ya dị ala, na-eme ka njupụta ike dị ala.Ka ọ dị ugbu a, mpaghara ọkụ na-achị ternary na lithium iron, ebe mpaghara oriri bụ karịa lithium cobalt.Enwere ike kewaa ihe electrode na-adịghị mma n'ime ihe carbon na ihe ndị na-abụghị carbon: ihe carbon gụnyere graphite artificial, graphite eke, mesophase carbon microspheres, carbon soft, hard carbon, wdg;Ihe ndị na-abụghị carbon na-agụnye lithium titanate, ihe ndị dabeere na silicon, ihe ndị dabeere na tin, wdg. Eke graphite na graphite artificial bụ ndị a na-ejikarị eme ihe ugbu a.Ọ bụ ezie na graphite eke nwere uru na ọnụ ahịa na ikike kpọmkwem, ndụ okirikiri ya dị ala na nkwụsi ike ya adịghị mma;Otú ọ dị, njirimara nke graphite wuru na-edozi ahụ, na-arụ ọrụ mgbasa ozi dị mma yana ezigbo ndakọrịta na electrolyte.A na-ejikarị graphite arụrụ arụ ọrụ maka batrị ike ụgbọ ala buru ibu yana batrị lithium ndị ahịa dị elu, ebe a na-ejikarị graphite eke eme ihe maka obere batrị lithium na batrị lithium ndị na-azụ ahịa n'ozuzu.Ihe ndị dabeere na silicon na ihe ndị na-abụghị carbon ka na-aga n'ihu na nyocha na mmepe na-aga n'ihu.Enwere ike kewaa ndị na-ekesa batrị lithium n'ime ndị na-ekpo ọkụ na-ekpo ọkụ na ndị na-emepụta mmiri dị ka usoro mmepụta, na mkpuchi mkpuchi mmiri na mmiri nkewa ga-abụ isi ihe na-emekarị.Usoro mmiri na usoro akọrọ nwere uru na ọghọm nke ha.Usoro mmiri ahụ nwere obere pore nha na ihe nkiri dị nro, mana ntinye ego buru ibu, usoro ahụ dị mgbagwoju anya, na mmetọ gburugburu ebe obibi dị ukwuu.Usoro akọrọ dị mfe dị mfe, gbakwunyere uru dị elu na gburugburu ebe obibi, ma pore size na porosity siri ike ịchịkwa na ngwaahịa na-esiri ike.

The teknuzu ụzọ nke China ike nchekwa ụlọ ọrụ – electrochemical ike nchekwa: lead acid batrị lead acid batrị (VRLA) bụ batrị nke electrode bụ tumadi mere nke lead na ya oxide, na electrolyte bụ sulfuric acid ngwọta.N'ọnọdụ nke batrị lead-acid, ihe bụ isi nke electrode dị mma bụ lead dioxide, na ihe bụ isi nke electrode na-adịghị mma bụ ndu;Na steeti mwepụ, isi ihe dị na electrodes dị mma na nke na-adịghị mma bụ sulfate lead.Ụkpụrụ ọrụ nke batrị lead-acid bụ na batrị lead-acid bụ ụdị batrị nwere carbon dioxide na spongy metal lead dị ka ihe dị mma na adịghị mma na-arụ ọrụ n'otu n'otu, yana ngwọta sulfuric acid dị ka electrolyte.The uru nke lead-acid batrị bụ dịtụ tozuru okè ulo oru yinye, mma ojiji, mfe mmezi, ala na-eri, ogologo ndụ ọrụ ndụ, mụ mma, wdg The mwepu bụ ngwa ngwa odori ọsọ, ala ike njupụta, obere okirikiri ndụ, mfe ime ka mmetọ. , wdg. A na-eji batrị lead-acid dị ka ihe na-enye ọkụ dị njikere na telecommunications, usoro ike anyanwụ, usoro mgbanwe ọkụ eletrik, ngwá ọrụ nkwurịta okwu, obere ihe nkwado ndabere (UPS, ECR, kọmputa ndabere usoro, wdg), ngwá ọrụ mberede, wdg. na dị ka isi ihe na-enye ike na ngwa nzikọrịta ozi, locomotives akara eletrik (ụgbọ ala nnweta, ụgbọ ala na-ebugharị akpaaka, ụgbọ ala eletrik), ndị na-amalite ngwá ọrụ igwe (ụkwụ na-enweghị eriri, ndị na-anya ọkụ eletrik, sledges eletriki), ngwá ọrụ mmepụta ihe / ngwá ọrụ, igwefoto, wdg.

The teknuzu ụzọ nke China si ike nchekwa ụlọ ọrụ – electrochemical ike nchekwa: mmiri mmiri eruba batrị na sodium sulfur batrị mmiri mmiri eruba batrị bụ ụdị batrị nwere ike na-echekwa ọkụ eletrik na igbapu ọkụ eletrik site electrochemical mmeghachi omume nke soluble electric ụzọ na inert electrode.Ihe owuwu nke monomer batrị na-agba ọsọ na-ahụkarị gụnyere: electrodes dị mma na nke na-adịghị mma;Ụlọ electrode nke diaphragm na electrode gbara ya gburugburu;Electrolyte tank, mgbapụta na pipeline usoro.Batrị na-asọba mmiri bụ ngwaọrụ nchekwa ike electrochemical nke nwere ike ịghọta ntughari nke ike eletrik na ike kemịkalụ site na mmeghachi omume oxidation-mbelata nke ihe ndị na-arụ ọrụ mmiri, si otú a na-achọpụta nchekwa na ntọhapụ nke ike eletrik.Enwere ọtụtụ ụdị kewara ekewa yana sistemu nke batrị eruba mmiri.Ka ọ dị ugbu a, enwere naanị ụdị sistemụ batrị mmiri mmiri anọ nke a na-amụ n'ezie na omimi n'ụwa, gụnyere ihe niile-vanadium liquid flow batrị, zinc-bromine liquid flow batrị, iron-chromium liquid flow batrị na sodium polysulfide/bromine mmiri mmiri. eruba batrị.Batrị sodium-sulfur nwere electrode dị mma, electrode ọjọọ, electrolyte, diaphragm na shei, nke dị iche na batrị nke abụọ (batrị-acid, batrị nickel-cadmium, wdg).Batrị sodium-sulfur bụ nke eletrọd a wụrụ awụ na electrolyte siri ike mejupụtara.Ihe na-arụ ọrụ nke electrode na-adịghị mma bụ sodium metal a wụrụ awụ, ihe na-arụ ọrụ nke electrode dị mma bụ sọlfọ mmiri mmiri na nnu sodium polysulfide gbazere.Ihe mejupụtara batrị sodium-sulfur bụ sọlfọ mmiri, cathode bụ sodium mmiri mmiri, na beta-aluminom tube nke seramiiki na-ekewa n'etiti.A ga-edobe okpomọkụ na-arụ ọrụ nke batrị n'elu 300 Celsius C iji dobe electrode na ọnọdụ mgbaze.Ụzọ teknụzụ nke ụlọ ọrụ nchekwa ike nke China - cell mmanụ: hydrogen energy nchekwa cell hydrogen mmanụ ụgbọala bụ ngwaọrụ na-agbanwe ozugbo ike kemịkalụ nke hydrogen ka ọ bụrụ ike eletrik.Ụkpụrụ bụ isi bụ na hydrogen na-abanye n'ime anode nke cell mmanụ, na-agbaze n'ime protons gas na electrons n'okpuru ọrụ nke catalyst, na hydrogen protons kpụrụ na-agafe na proton mgbanwe akpụkpọ ahụ ruo cathode nke mmanụ ụgbọala na ikpokọta na oxygen ka. n'ịwa mmiri, The electrons iru cathode nke mmanụ ụgbọala cell site na mpụga sekit na-etolite a ugbu a.N'ụzọ bụ isi, ọ bụ ngwaọrụ nrụpụta ike nrụpụta electrochemical.Ọnụ ahịa ahịa nke ụlọ ọrụ nchekwa nchekwa ike zuru ụwa ọnụ - ikike arụnyere ọhụrụ nke ụlọ ọrụ nchekwa ume amụbaala - ọnụ ahịa ahịa nke ụlọ ọrụ nchekwa ike zuru ụwa ọnụ - batrị lithium-ion ka bụ isi ihe nchekwa ike - batrị lithium-ion nwere. uru nke njupụta ike dị elu, nrụpụta ntụgharị dị elu, nzaghachi ngwa ngwa, na ihe ndị ọzọ, ma ugbu a bụ akụkụ kachasị elu nke ike arụnyere ma e wezụga maka nchekwa mgbapụta.Dị ka akwụkwọ ọcha na mmepe nke ụlọ ọrụ batrị lithium-ion nke China (2022) nke EVTank na Ivy Institute of Economics wepụtara.Dị ka data nke akwụkwọ ọcha si kwuo, na 2021, ngụkọta mbupu nke batrị lithium ion zuru ụwa ọnụ ga-abụ 562.4GWh, mmụba dị ukwuu nke 91% kwa afọ, na òkè ya na nrụnye nchekwa ike ọhụrụ zuru ụwa ọnụ ga-agafe 90% .Ọ bụ ezie na ụdị nchekwa ike ndị ọzọ dị ka batrị vanadium-flow batrị, batrị sodium-ion na ikuku abịakọrọ amalitewokwa na-enwetakwu nlebara anya n'ime afọ ndị na-adịbeghị anya, batrị lithium-ion ka nwere nnukwu uru na arụmọrụ, ọnụ ahịa na mmepụta ihe.N'ime obere oge na nke ọkara, batrị lithium-ion ga-abụ isi ụdị nchekwa nchekwa ike n'ụwa, na oke ya na nrụnye nchekwa ike ọhụrụ ga-anọgide na ọkwa dị elu.

Longrun-ike na-elekwasị anya n'ọhịa nke nchekwa ike ma na-ejikọta isi ọrụ ntinye ike na-enye ike iji nye ngwọta nchekwa ike maka ụlọ na ụlọ ọrụ mmepụta ihe na azụmahịa, gụnyere imewe, ọzụzụ mgbakọ, ngwọta ahịa, njikwa ego, njikwa, ọrụ na mmezi, wdg. Site na ọtụtụ afọ nke imekọ ihe ọnụ na ndị na-emepụta batrị a ma ama na ndị na-emepụta inverter, anyị achịkọtala nkà na ụzụ na ahụmahụ mmepe iji wuo ntọala ọrụ ntinye aka.