Menene fa'idodin baturin ajiyar makamashi?

Hanyar fasaha ta masana'antar ajiyar makamashi ta kasar Sin - ajiyar makamashi na electrochemical: A halin yanzu, kayan aikin cathode na yau da kullum na batir lithium sun hada da lithium cobalt oxide (LCO), lithium manganese oxide (LMO), lithium iron phosphate (LFP) da kayan ternary.Lithium cobaltate shine farkon siyar da kayan cathode tare da babban ƙarfin lantarki, babban ƙarfin famfo, tsayayyen tsari da aminci mai kyau, amma tsada da ƙarancin ƙarfi.Lithium manganate yana da ƙarancin farashi da ƙarfin lantarki mai yawa, amma aikin sake zagayowar sa ba shi da kyau kuma ƙarfinsa ma kaɗan ne.Ƙarfi da farashin kayan ternary sun bambanta bisa ga abun ciki na nickel, cobalt da manganese (ban da NCA).Gabaɗayan ƙarfin kuzari ya fi na lithium baƙin ƙarfe phosphate da lithium cobaltate.Lithium iron phosphate yana da ƙarancin farashi, kyakkyawan aikin hawan keke da aminci mai kyau, amma dandamalin ƙarfin lantarki yana da ƙasa kuma ƙarancin ƙarfinsa yana da ƙasa, yana haifar da ƙarancin ƙarfin ƙarfin gabaɗaya.A halin yanzu, bangaren samar da wutar lantarki ya mamaye ternary da iron lithium, yayin da bangaren amfani ya fi lithium cobalt.Ana iya raba kayan lantarki mara kyau zuwa kayan carbon da kayan da ba na carbon: kayan carbon sun haɗa da graphite wucin gadi, graphite na halitta, mesophase carbon microspheres, carbon mai taushi, carbon mai wuya, da sauransu;Abubuwan da ba na carbon sun haɗa da lithium titanate, kayan da aka yi da silicon, kayan da aka yi da gwangwani, da dai sauransu. Halitta graphite da graphite na wucin gadi a halin yanzu an fi amfani da su.Ko da yake graphite na halitta yana da fa'ida a cikin farashi da ƙayyadaddun iya aiki, rayuwar sake zagayowar ta ba ta da ƙarfi kuma daidaitonta ba ta da kyau;Koyaya, kaddarorin graphite na wucin gadi sun daidaita daidaitattun daidaito, tare da kyakkyawan aikin wurare dabam dabam da dacewa mai kyau tare da electrolyte.An fi amfani da graphite na wucin gadi don manyan batura masu ƙarfin abin hawa da manyan batir lithium masu amfani, yayin da graphite na halitta galibi ana amfani da shi don ƙananan batura lithium da maƙasudin maƙasudi na batir lithium na gabaɗaya.Abubuwan da ke tushen silicon a cikin kayan da ba na carbon ba har yanzu suna kan aiwatar da ci gaba da bincike da haɓakawa.Za a iya raba masu rarraba baturi na lithium zuwa busassun masu bushewa da kuma rigar rarrabuwa bisa ga tsarin samarwa, kuma rigar murfin membrane a cikin rigar separator zai zama babban yanayin.Tsarin rigar da bushewar tsari yana da nasu amfani da rashin amfani.Tsarin rigar yana da ƙananan pore size da nau'i na fim din, amma zuba jari yana da yawa, tsarin yana da rikitarwa, kuma gurɓataccen muhalli yana da girma.Tsarin bushewa yana da sauƙi mai sauƙi, ƙara ƙimar ƙima da kuma abokantaka na muhalli, amma girman pores da porosity suna da wuyar sarrafawa kuma samfurin yana da wuyar yin bakin ciki.

Hanyar fasaha ta masana'antar ajiyar makamashi ta kasar Sin - ajiyar makamashi na electrochemical: gubar acid baturi gubar acid baturi (VRLA) baturi ne wanda electrode yafi sanya da gubar da oxide, da electrolyte ne sulfuric acid bayani.A cikin yanayin cajin baturin gubar-acid, babban abin da ke cikin ingantaccen electrode shine gubar dioxide, kuma babban abin da ke haifar da mummunan electrode shine gubar;A cikin yanayin fitarwa, manyan abubuwan da ke cikin ingantattun na'urori masu kyau da na lantarki sune gubar sulfate.Ka'idar aiki na baturin gubar-acid shine baturin gubar-acid wani nau'in baturi ne mai dauke da carbon dioxide da gubar spongy karfe a matsayin abubuwa masu inganci da mara kyau, da kuma maganin sulfuric acid a matsayin electrolyte.Abubuwan amfani da batirin gubar-acid sune sarkar masana'antu balagagge, amfani mai aminci, kulawa mai sauƙi, ƙarancin farashi, tsawon rayuwar sabis, ingantaccen inganci, da sauransu. , da sauransu. Ana amfani da batirin gubar-acid azaman samar da wutar lantarki a cikin sadarwa, tsarin makamashin hasken rana, tsarin sauya wutar lantarki, kayan sadarwa, ƙananan kayan wutar lantarki (UPS, ECR, tsarin ajiyar kwamfuta, da sauransu), kayan aikin gaggawa, da sauransu. kuma a matsayin babban samar da wutar lantarki a cikin kayan aikin sadarwa, locomotives masu sarrafa wutar lantarki (motocin saye, motocin sufuri na atomatik, motocin lantarki), kayan aikin injina (nau'i-nau'i marasa igiya, direbobin lantarki, sledges na lantarki), kayan masana'antu / kayan aiki, kyamarori, da sauransu.

The fasaha hanya na kasar Sin makamashi ajiya masana'antu - electrochemical makamashi ajiya: ruwa kwarara baturi da sodium sulfur baturi ruwa ya kwarara baturi ne irin baturi da zai iya adana wutar lantarki da sallama wutar lantarki ta hanyar electrochemical dauki mai narkewa lantarki biyu a kan inert lantarki.Tsarin na'urar monomer na baturi na yau da kullun ya haɗa da: na'urori masu inganci da korau;Gidan lantarki da ke kewaye da diaphragm da lantarki;Tankin lantarki, famfo da tsarin bututun mai.Batir mai gudanawa shine na'urar ajiyar makamashi ta lantarki wanda zai iya fahimtar jujjuyawar juna na makamashin lantarki da makamashin sinadarai ta hanyar rage iskar oxygen-rage na abubuwa masu aiki na ruwa, don haka fahimtar ajiya da sakin makamashin lantarki.Akwai nau'ikan rabe-raben da yawa da takamaiman tsarin baturin kwarara ruwa.A halin yanzu, akwai nau'ikan nau'ikan batir masu kwararar ruwa guda huɗu waɗanda aka yi nazari sosai cikin zurfi a duniya, waɗanda suka haɗa da batir ɗin ruwa mai gudana duka-vanadium, baturin kwararar ruwa na zinc-bromine, baturi mai kwarara ruwa na ƙarfe-chromium da ruwa sodium polysulfide/bromine ruwa. kwarara baturi.Batirin sodium-sulfur yana kunshe da ingantattun lantarki, gurɓataccen lantarki, electrolyte, diaphragm da harsashi, wanda ya bambanta da baturin sakandare na gaba ɗaya (batir-acid baturi, baturin nickel-cadmium, da sauransu).Batirin sodium-sulfur ya ƙunshi narkakkar lantarki da ƙwaƙƙwaran lantarki.Abubuwan da ke aiki na gurɓataccen lantarki shine narkakkar ƙarfe sodium, kuma abu mai aiki na ingantaccen lantarki shine sulfur ruwa da narkakken sodium polysulfide gishiri.A anode na sodium-sulfur baturi ya ƙunshi ruwa sulfur, da cathode ya ƙunshi ruwa sodium, da kuma beta-aluminum tube na yumbu abu rabu a tsakiya.Za a kiyaye zafin aiki na baturin sama da 300 ° C don kiyaye lantarki a cikin narkakkar yanayi.Hanyar fasaha ta masana'antar ajiyar makamashi ta kasar Sin - kwayar mai: hydrogen makamashin makamashin cell hydrogen man fetur na'ura ce da ke canza makamashin sinadarai na hydrogen zuwa makamashin lantarki kai tsaye.Ainihin ka'idar ita ce hydrogen yana shiga cikin anode na kwayar man fetur, ya rushe zuwa protons gas da electrons a karkashin aikin mai kara kuzari, kuma hydrogen protons da aka kafa ya wuce ta hanyar musayar proton don isa ga cathode na man fetur kuma ya haɗu da oxygen zuwa ga ma'auni. samar da ruwa, The electrons isa cathode na man fetur cell ta wani waje kewaye don samar da wani halin yanzu.Ainihin, na'urar samar da wutar lantarki ce ta lantarki.Girman kasuwa na masana'antar ajiyar makamashi ta duniya - sabon ikon da aka shigar na masana'antar ajiyar makamashi ya ninka - girman kasuwar masana'antar ajiyar makamashi ta duniya - batirin lithium-ion har yanzu shine babban nau'in ajiyar makamashi - batirin lithium-ion suna da. abubuwan da ake amfani da su na yawan makamashi mai yawa, haɓakar juzu'i mai yawa, saurin amsawa, da sauransu, kuma a halin yanzu shine mafi girman adadin da aka shigar da shi sai dai don ajiyar famfo.A cewar farar takarda kan ci gaban masana'antar batirin lithium-ion ta kasar Sin (2022) da EVTank da Cibiyar Tattalin Arziki ta Ivy suka fitar tare.Dangane da bayanan farar takarda, a cikin 2021, jimillar jigilar batir lithium ion a duniya zai kasance 562.4GWh, wani gagarumin karuwar kashi 91% a shekara, kuma rabonsa a sabbin na'urorin ajiyar makamashi na duniya shima zai wuce 90% .Ko da yake sauran nau'ikan ajiyar makamashi kamar batirin vanadium-flow, batirin sodium-ion da matsewar iska su ma sun fara samun kulawa sosai a cikin 'yan shekarun nan, batirin lithium-ion har yanzu yana da fa'ida sosai ta fuskar aiki, farashi da masana'antu.A cikin gajeren lokaci da matsakaita, baturin lithium-ion zai kasance babban nau'in ajiyar makamashi a duniya, kuma rabonsa a cikin sabbin na'urorin ajiyar makamashi zai kasance a matsayi mai girma.

Longrun-makamashi yana mai da hankali kan fannin ajiyar makamashi da kuma haɗa tushen sabis na samar da wutar lantarki don samar da mafita na ajiyar makamashi don yanayin gida da masana'antu da kasuwanci, gami da ƙira, horar da taro, mafita na kasuwa, sarrafa farashi, gudanarwa, aiki da kiyayewa, da dai sauransu. Tare da shekaru masu yawa na haɗin gwiwa tare da sanannun masana'antun batir da masu samar da inverter, mun taƙaita fasaha da ƙwarewar haɓaka don gina tushen sabis na samar da kayayyaki.